1) The cells of a tissue are similar in structure but different and function.
2) Apical meristem is responsible for the elongation of the stem.
3) Meristem tissues can be called as growth tissues .
4) The meristematic cells are thick-walled.
5) The shoot apex contains lateral meristem.
6) Xylem and phloem are supporting tissues.
7) Phloem is made up of mainly dead cells.
8) Xylem helps to transport water in upward direction.
9) Phloem is present outside the xylem tissue.
10) Xylem and phloem consist of living cells.
11) Permanent tissue have definite form in size.
12) Meristematic tissue are also called growth tissues .
13) Intercalary meristem increases the diameter of the plant parts.
14) Parenchyma serves as the packing material in the body of an organism.
15) Sclerenchyma tissue is composed of live cells without any spaces in between.
16) Phloem is a living tissue while xylem is a dead tissue.
B) Name the simple permanent tissue which
a) is composed of thin-walled cells .
b) comprises dead cells
c) has cells with large spaces in between.
d) is made up of cells whose cell wall is thickened at corners.
e) is present in the hard coverings of nuts.
C) Choose the correct option.
1) The thin-walled living cells found in the soft parts of a plant are
a) parenchyma b) collenchyma c) xylem d) phloem
2) The plant tissue that helps in transportation of water is
a) xylem b) phloem c) sclerenchyma d) parenchyma
3) In potato, starch is stored in the
a) phloem b) parenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) chlorenchyma
4) Lignin is present in the cell walls of
a) sclerenchyma b) parenchyma c) chlorenchyma d) collenchyma
5) The cells of sclerenchyma are
a) living and thin-walled
b) living and thick-walled
c) dead and thin-walled
d) dead and thick-walled
D) Fill in the blanks with missing words.
1) Potato tubers store starch in_____ cells.
2) ____acts as cement and makes sclerenchyma hard.
3) Parenchyma containing chloroplasts is known as____
4) ____ tissue is responsible for the elongation of the stem .
5) The increase in the diameter the root occurs by the division of___ tissue.
E) Match the following:
Column A
1) Lignin deposit
2) Manufacture of food
3) Transportation of food
4) Base of leaves
5) Thickened corners
Column B
a) Collenchyma
b) intercalary meristem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Chlorenchyma
e) Phloem
F) Pick the odd one out :
1) Meristem , parenchyma, apical, intercalary
2) Xylem, vascular, food, phloem.
3) Sclerenchyma , lignin, coconut, parenchyma.
4) Flexible , tissue, thickened corners , leaf stalk, thin-walled
G) Name the type of the tissue found:
1) At the top of the plant roots.
2) At the base of the leaves.
3) On the outer side of vascular bundle.
4) In the inner side of The vuscular bundle.
5) In the leaf stalks.
6) In the hard covering of seeds.
H) Identify the following tissue:
1) plyant tissue consisting of cells with thickened corners.
2) Permanent plant issue with intercellular spaces.
3) Plant tissue that has lost its stability to divide.
4) Simple permanent plant tissue consisting of cells with thick cell walls.
5) Tissue responsible for the transportation of water in plants.
I) Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions given below :
a) identify the tissue.
b) Write any two features by which you identified this tissue.
c) Where will you find this tissue ?
d) Give any two functions of this tissue.
e) Name two more tissues which have similar structure and function.
ANIMAL TISSUE
A) State whether the following statement are true or false:
1) Epithelial cells rest upon a thin basement membrane.
2) Animal tissues are less diverse than plant tissues.
3) Epithelium protects the organs from the mechanical injury.
4) Epithelial cells are exclusively protective tissues .
5) Epithelial cells lack intercellular speces.
6) Tendons and Ligaments connect two bones and provide movement.
7) Blood plasma is straw-coloured fluid.
8) External ear is made up of flexible cartilage.
9) Ligaments allows the tissues to resist mechanical stress.
10) Haemoglobin provides red colour to the blood.
11) Lymph is straw-coloured because of the presence of WBC s.
12) The muscles of limbs are striped in work at our will.
13) Cardiac muscles work continuously.
14) The axons bundle together to form a muscle.
15) Nerves receive the message through dendrons .
16) Smooth muscles are cylinderical and elongated.
17) Blood and lymph constitute the fibrous connective tissue.
18) Cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles have striated apreence.
19) Voluntary muscles are found in the internal organs of the body.
20) The dendrons of nerves transmits messages to the other nerves.
21) Adipose tissue protects us from external socks.
22) Lymph is straw-coloured and lacks WBCs
B) Choose the correct option :
1) Which of the following is not a connective tissue ?
a) Adipose tissue b) blood c) cartilage d) Nerves
2) Tendons is a tissue that connects
a) a bond to another bone.
b) a nerve to a muscle
c) a muscle to a bone
d) a muscles to another muscle.
3) Cardiac muscles are
a) branched and voluntary
b) branched and involuntary
c) unbranched and voluntary
d) unbranched and involuntary
4) The cells responsible for blood clotting are
a) erythrocytes
b) leukocytes
c) chondrocytes
d) thrombocytes
5) Which of the following is not a connective tissue
a) bone b) blood c) cartilage d) epithelium
C) Fill in the blanks with missing words:
1) Cartilage consists of____ cells while the cells of bones are called____.
2) ____ muscles help in the moment of the food in food pipe.
3) _____ blood cells protect the body against pathogens.
4) The nervous tissue helps in the ____and____ of body.
5) ____ muscles never take rest.
6) The adipose tissue is responsible for the storage of ______.
D) Match the following
Column A
1) spindle-shaped
2) Sendrites
3) Haemoglobin
4) Blood clotting
5) Striated muscles
6) Heart
Column B
a) Erythrocytes
b) Platelets
c) Skeletal muscles
d) Neuron
e) Cardiac muscles
f) Smooth muscles
E) Pick out odd one out
1) Bone, blood, tendon, nerve.
2) Involuntary, cardiac, skeletal, smooth.
3) Cardiac, axon, smooth, skeletal.
4) Areolar , ligament, adipose, cartilage
F) Name the type of tissue found in
1) brain and spinal cord.
2) between two bones.
3) On the surface of human skin.
4) between muscles in bones.
5) hands and legs.
6) the wall of the heart.
G) Identify the following tissue :
1) Muscular tissue that works at our will.
2) Straw-coloured fluid connective tissue lacking RBCs.
3) Muscles that does not get tired.
4) Muscles that helps to pick up objects .
5) Skeletal connective tissue composed of chondrocytes.
6) Fluid connective tissue on containing RBCs.
H) Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions given below.
a) Identify the muscular tissue.
b) Write any two features by which you identified the tissue.
c) Where will you find this tissue in your body.
d) Are these muscles voluntary or involuntary ?
e) Name the other two kinds of muscles present in our body. Write two features and at least one function of each kind of muscle
CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY - CHEMICAL REACTIONS
THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY
1) A symbol represents a short form of an element.
a) In most cases the first letter of an element was taken as the symbol for that element. Give two examples of the same.
b) In certain cases in the first letter along with the its small letter from its name were used as the symbols. Give two examples of the same.
c) In some cases the symbols were derived from their Latin names. Name two metals . Whose symbols are derived from the same.
d) Sulphur is represented by the symbol 'S'. State how the symbol represents the elements i) qualitatively [i.e., representation in terms of an atom] ii) quantitatively, [i.e., representation in terms of weight].
2) Give reasons for the following:
a) In hydrogen chloride the valency of the element chlorine is considered as one.
b) Certain metals exhibit more than one valency and showing 'variable valency '.
c) All equations must be balanced.
d) A chemical equation provides useful information about a reaction.
e) All chemical equations have their limitations.
3) State the valency and name the ion or radical in each of the following cases given below (The first example is completed for you):
Electrical ent positive ions or radicals
Symbol/Valency Name
a) K¹⁺ Potassium
b) Na
c) H
d) NH₄
e) Ca
f) Mg
g) Zn
h) Ba
i) Ni
i) Co
j) Al
k) Cr
Variable valencies
a) Cu¹⁺
b) Cu
c) Hg¹⁺
d) Hg
e) Fe²⁺
f) Fe
g) Mn²⁺
h) Mn
i) Pb²⁺
j) Pb
k) Pt²⁺
l) Pt
Electrovalent negative ion or radicals
Symbol/valency Name
a) Cl¹⁻ Chloride
b) ClO₃
c) ClO
d) Br
e) I
f) OH
g) NO₂
h) NO₃
i) HCO₃
j) HSO₃
k) HSO₄
l) AlO₂
m) MnO₄
n) SO₃
o) SO₄
p) S
q) CO₃
r) O
s) CrO₄
t) Cr₂O₇
u) ZnO₂
v) PbO₂
w) PO₄
x) N
y) C
4) State the valency of each of the elements in the respective compounds:
a) Sulphur in (i) sulphur dioxide
ii) sulphur trioxide
b) Nitrogen in i) Nitrogen monoxide
ii) Nitrogen dioxide
iii) dinitrogen oxide
iv) dinitrogen pentoxide
c) Copper in i) cupric oxide
ii) Cuprous oxide
5) Give the formulas of the following compounds whose metallic radical exhibits variable valency.
a) Cupric nitrate.
b) Cuprous chloride.
c) Iron(II) sulphate.
d) Mercuric nitrate.
e) Plumbous chloride.
f) Stannous chloride.
g) Mangannic sulphate.
h) Platinic chloride.
i) Mercurous chloride.
j) Iron [II] nitrate.
6) Give the name of the compounds whose formulas are listed below:
a) HNO₂ ___
b) HCO₃ |
c) H₂C₂O₄. |
d) H₃PO₄ | --- Acids
e) CH₃COOH _ |
g) Al(OH)₃
h) CaSiO₃.
i) Na₂ZnO₂.
j) K₂CrO₄.
k) Mg₃N₂.
7) A chemical equation is a shorthand form for a chemical change
a) 2KClO₃ ---∆--> 2KCl + 3O₂.
i) In the above reaction name the reactant and the products.
ii) State what the arrow in between indicates.
8) Balance the following equations.
a) CuO+ NH₃ --> Cu + H₂O + N₂.
b) NH₃ + Cl₂ --> HCl + NCl₃.
c) Mg₃N₂ + H₂O --> Mg(OH)₂ + NH₃.
d) Pb₃O₄ + HCl --> PbCl₂ + H₂O + Cl₂.
e) Manganese [IV] + Hydrochloric acid --> Manganese (II) Chloride+ Water + Chlorine.
f) Potassium hydroxide + Chlorine --> Potassium chloride + Potassium hypochlorite + Water.
g) Ammonium dichromate --> Chromiumoxide + Water+ Nitrogen.
h) Potassium sulphite + Nitric acid --> Potassium nitrate+ Water+ Sulphur dioxide.
i) Iron [II] chloride + Water + Sulphur dioxide --> Iron [II] Chloride+ Sulphuric acid+ Hydrochloric acid.
j) Copper+ Sulphuric acid --> Copper sulphate + Water+ Sulphur dioxide.
k) Iron [III] oxide + Carbon monoxide --> Iron + Carbon dioxide.
l) Sodium sulphite+ Sulphuric acid --> Sodium sulphate+ Water+ Sulphur dioxide.
m) Zinc + Sodium hydroxide --> Sodium zincate --> Hydrogen.
n) Aluminium+ Carbon dioxide --> Aluminium oxide + Carbon.
o) Sodium bicarbonate+ Aluminium sulphate --> Sodium sulphate+ Aluminium hydroxide+ Carbon dioxide.
p) Calcium hydroxide+ Ammonium sulphate --> Calcium sulphate+ Water+ Ammonia.
q) Nitric acid+ Magnesium carbonate --> Magnesium nitrate+ Water+ Carbon dioxide.
r) Iron [III] oxide+ Sulphuric acid --> Iron [III] sulphate+ Water.
s) Zinc sulphide+ Oxygen --> Zinc oxide+ Sulphur dioxide.
t) Carbon+ Nitric acid --> Carbon dioxide+ Water+ Nitrogen dioxide.
7) Match the different types of chemical reactions in column II with the meaning of the type of reactions in column I.
COLUMN I
a) A chemical reaction in which two or more elements or compounds react to form one new compound as a product.
b) A chemical reaction in which a chemical compound decomposes or splits up into two or more simpler substances. It is generally brought about by heat.
c) A chemical reaction which takes place when an element [or radical] has replaced another element in a compound.
d) A chemical reaction in which two reactants are both the decomposed to form new substances by exchanging their radicals.
e) A chemical reaction which employes a catalyst to alter the rate of a reaction.
f) A chemical reaction in which the products formed react together to form the original reactants depending on the conditions of the reaction.
g) A reaction in which a substance dissociates into two or more simpler substances on application of heat and is a reversible reaction.
h) A reaction which involves addition of oxygen or electronegative element or removal of hydrogen or electropositive element.
i) A reaction which involves addition of hydrogen or electropositive elements or removal of oxygen or electronegative element.
j) A chemical reaction which proceeds with evolution of heat energy.
k) A chemical reaction which proceeds with absorption of heat energy.
l) A chemical reaction which proceeds with absorption of light energy.
COLUMN II
A) Double decomposition
B) Exothermic reaction
C) Reversible reaction
D) Displacement reaction
E) Combination or synthesis
F) Decomposition reaction
G) Thermal dissociation
H) Endothermic reaction
I) Catalytic reaction
J) Oxidation reaction
K) Photochemical reaction
L) Reduction reaction.
8) With reference to the reaction -- A to L in column II of the previous question no. 7 state the type of reaction/s to which each of the following belongs :
a) Addition of zinc to copper sulphate solution.
b) Heat on lead nitrate crystals.
c) Preparation of oxygen from potassium chlorate.
d) Conversion of ferrous chloride to ferric chloride using chlorine.
e) Formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
f) Liberation of hydrogen at the cathode acidified water.
g) Manufacture of glucose by green plants.
h) Formation of nitric oxide from Nitrogen and oxygen.
i) Addition of zinc to dilute sulphuric acid.
j) NH₄Cl <=> NH₃ + HCl.
k) 2KNO₃ --∆--> 2KNO₂ + O₂.
l) 2H₂O₂ --H₃PO₄--> 2H₂O + O₂.
m) PbBr₂ --> Pb²⁺ + 2Br¹⁻ [ions].
n) 2HgO --∆--> 2Hg + O₂.
o) N₂O₄ <=∆=> 2NO₂.
p) AgNO₃ + KCl --> AgCl + KNO₃.
q) Fe + S --> FeS.
r) H₂ + Cl₂ --> 2HCl.
ˢᵘⁿˡᶦᵍʰᵗ
s) C + H₂O --> CO.
t) Cl₂ + 2KI --> 2KCl + I₂.
u) 3Fe + 4H₂O <==∆=> Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂.
v) 2Cu + O₂ --> 2CuO.
w) Fe₂O₃ + 2Al --> Al₂O₃ + 2Fe.
x) KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ --> HNO₃ + KHSO₄.
y) 2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ --> 2FeCl₃.
z) Fe+ H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂.
a) SO₂ + Cl₂ --> SO₂Cl₂.
b) 3Ca + N₂ --> Ca₃N₂.
c) CuSO₄ + Fe --> FeSO₄ + Cu.
d) 4HNO₃ --> 2H₂O + 4NO₂ + O₂.
8) Oxidation and reduction reactions are generally termed as redox reactions . In the examples given below underline the oxidised product or reduced product in the respective reactions. Underline substance is the oxidising or reducing agent respectively.
Oxidation reactions
a) Cu + O₂ --> 2CuO.
b) H₂S + Cl₂ --> S + 2HCl.
c) 2FeCl₂ Cl₂ --> 2FeCl₃.
d) SO₂ + H₂O + Cl₂ --> H₂SO₄ + 2HCl.
e) H₂S + 2FeCl₃ ---> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + S.
f) Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂.
g) Fe + S --> FeS.
h) 2Mg + SO₂ --> MgO + S.
i) 2H₂S + SO₂ --> 3S + 2H₂O.
j) S + 2H₂SO₄ ---> 3SO₂ + 2H₂O.
Reduction reactions
a) CuO + H₂ --> Cu + H₂O.
b) Br₂ + H₂S --> 2HBr + S.
c) 2FeCl₃ + H₂S --> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + S.
d) 2HgCl₂ + SnCl₂ --> Hg₂Cl₂ + SnCl₄.
e) 2FeCl₃ + SO₂ + 3H₂O --> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + H₂SO₄.
f) Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 2H₂O + SO₂ --> 2FeSO₄ + 2H₂SO₄.
g) Cl₂ + 2H₂O + SO₂ --> 2HCl + H₂SO₄.
h) 2HNO₃ + SO₂ --> 2NO₂ + H₂SO₄.
i) 2KMnO₄ + 2H₂O + 5SO₂ --> 2MnSO₄ + K₂SO₄ + 2H₂SO₄.
j) K₂Cr₂O₇ + H₂SO₄ + 3SO₂ --> Cr₂(SO₄)₃+ K₂SO₄ + H₂O.
9) Name the following:
a) A coloured gaseous oxidising agent.
b) A liquid oxidising agent which on thermal decomposition in presence of a catalyst liberates oxygen.
c) A gaseous reducing agent containing Oxygen.
d) An acidic other than nitric and Sulphuric Acid which is an oxidizing agent.
e) A gaseous reducing agent neutral in nature other than carbon monoxide.
f) An oxidizing agent which liberates chlorine on heating with concentric hydrochloric acid.
g) Two neutral gases which react to give a basic gas and the reaction is exothermic.
h) Two neutral gases which react to give a neutral oxide and the reaction is exothermic.
i) A substance which decomposes by absorption of sound energy.
j) Two substances which react explosively on close physical contact.
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