VIII

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 

A) Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct alternative out of those given with brackets:

1) Control and coordination of various activities of a body take place due to___(nervous system/ endocrine system/ nervous and endocrine system)       

2) Hormones are secreted directly into the___ (blood/organs).        

3)____ secrets oxytocin. (posterior lobe of pituitary/ anterior lobe of pituitary /ovary)

4) ADH is secreted by the____ (interior pituitary/posterior pituitary/brain)

5) Oxytocin causes contraction of the___ (vessels/uterus/ body)

6) hypothyroidism in adults leads to____(cretinism / myxoedema/goitre)

7) The_____ is known as the emergency hormone. (glucagon/ adrenaline /oestrogen)

8) Addison's disease is caused due to deficiency of____ (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids/glycogen/insulin)

9) Cretinism is caused due to the deficiency of____(thyroxine/ blood/progesterone)

10) Hormones are___ which help to co-ordinate the functions of the of the body(enzymes/ chemical substances)

11) chemically some hormones are___, some steroids and some amines.(carbohydrates/ proteins)

12) The glands with duct are called ____(endocrine gland/ exocrine gland /vessels)

13) Beta cells of islets of langerhans produce____( insulin/ thyroxine/oestrogen)

14) Hormones are called __. (information molecules/ bio catalyst/catalysts)

15) Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes___.(mellitus/ insipidus/ myxoedema)

16) Malfunctioning of thyroid gland thyroid in infant causes__ ( cretinism/myxoedema/goitre)

17) ____is a disorder caused by excess thyroid hormone.(myxoedema/ simple goitre/ exophthalmic goitre)

B) Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative out of those given in the list :::[Larynx, hormone, gignatism, anterior pituitary, thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal]

1) thyroid is located close to___.       

2) The chemical substances secreted by the endocrine system is known as____.         

3) over secretion of somatotropic hormone in children leads to__.          

4) follicle stimulating hormone is produced by_____.             

5) _____ gland is partly and endocrine and partly lymphoid.      

6) exothermic goitre is caused due to the over activity of___.      

7) cortex and medulla are to regaions of____ gland.      

C) Complete the following table.

Gland/organ. Hormone   function

1) _____       Vasopressin  ______.             

2) _____       Prolactin        _______.           

3) _____          _____     Regulates basal metabolism.               

4) pancreas    ____         ________.                

5) _______      ____         increases heart beat.            

6) _____. Thyroid stimulating hormone    ___.       Pituitary gland,    

                     

7) Islets of langerhans    _______.      ______ .    

8) ______      Adrenaline      ______      

9) ________.  Thyroxine        ______.       

10) ______         LH                 _______       

11) ______  oestrogen           ______.          

12) Alpha cells _____.           ______.            

13)_____          ___  protruding eyes.            

14) Lachrymal _____.             ______.          

15) ______          ______.  Gignatism.       

16)_____ testosterone        ______.     

17) Adrenal  ______             _______.     

18) ______       ______       influences metabolism of cells.     

19) Lachrymal _____        _________.        

20) _______ growth hormone  _____.       

D) NAME THE FOLLOWING::

1) The expansion of STH and ACTH.         

2) The two portions of adrenal gland .       

3) The cause of diabetes mellitus.       

4) The gland which is called master gland .          

5) The other name of hormone.          

6) The two hormones secreted by neurohypophysis.    

7) The disease caused by the deficiency of STH in children.     

8) The hormone that promotes the growth of in our body.      

 

9) The hormone which controls the water exchange in the Renal tubules.     

10) The hormone associated with lactation in mammals.       OR 

The hormone of pituitary that helps in child birth.         

11) The gland which is exocrine as well as endocrine                  OR

The gland which which secrets insulin.        

12) A condition caused due to over secretion of thyroxine .      

13) The disease caused by the over secretion of STH in children.   

14) The types of glands that secrete hormones.     

15) The disease caused by the deficiency of Iodine.   

16) The structure which controls the master gland.     

17) The hormones of the pituitary gland which controls the activity of adrenal gland.          

18) Organic substances which act as biocatalyst.    

19) The hormone which controls (i.e., reduces) the level of sugar in blood, and the gland which secretes it.       

20) The diseases caused by the malfunctioning of thyroid gland.      

21) The two types of cells seen in islets of Langerhans.     

22) The hormones that control blood glucose level.     

23) The hormone that controls the basal metabolic rate.      OR

The hormone secreted by thyroid gland.        

24) The gland which functions actively in emergency situations. OR 

an endocrine gland which produces emergency hormone.    

25) The hormone secreted by beta cell of islet of langerhans.       OR

The hormone secreted by Beta cells of pancreas.     

26) The hormone that releases glucose into the blood.     

E) MATCH THE COLUMNS

Column I 

1) Cretinism 

2) Diabetes mellitus 

3) insulin shock 

4) Gignatism 

5) Exothalmic goitre

Column II 

a) shortage of glucose in blood

b) over secretion of growth hormone

c) excess of glucose in blood

d) over secretion of thyroxine

e) dwarfism and mental retardation.

F) MATCH THE COLUMNS

Column I 

1) acromegaly     

2) Addison's disease  

3) insulin shock  

4) Cretinism   

5) Dwarfism   

Column II 

a) under secretion of adrenal cortex.

b) under secretion of thyroxine in children.

c) over secretion of growth hormone.

d) under secretion of growth hormone.

e) over secretion of insulin.

G) MATCH THE COLUMNS::

Column I 

1) Myxoedema.   

2) Tetany

3) Gignatism.  

4) diabetes insipidus 

5) Diabetes mellitus  

Column II 

a) hyposecretion of growth hormone during growth years.

b) under secretion of insulin

c) decreased calcium in the the  blood.

d) under secretion of thyroxine in adult of thyroxine in adult.

e) under secretion of posterior pituitary.

H) SHORT QUESTIONS:::

1) Name four hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary.      

2) What hormones are separated from the posterior lobe of pituitary ?        

3) What is the other name of insulin ?      

4) Which hormone promotes the  reabsorption of sodium ions from the renal tubules ?        

5) some adult women may develop facial hair. What may be the cause of it ?      

6) State three characteristics of hormones.

7) Name three organs that are endocrine as well as exocrine in function, Also name their endocrine secretions.

8) What is acromegalic condition and which hormone is involved in it ?

9) Why are the chemical signals of the hormones slower than the nerve impulses?

10) Name the hormone and endocrine gland which require iodine for their functioning.

11) Name the main chemical substance present in thyroxine?     

12) if you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience your mouth dries up and heart beat increases. what brings about these feelings?     

13) What is the function of anti diuretic hormone(ADH)?

14)a) What is diabetes mellitus? 

b) How it is caused ?

15) Where is the pituitary gland located ?

16) What is the function of somatotropic hormone? Name the diseases caused due to the over and under secretion of this hormone.

17) Why are hormones called chemical messengers ?

18)a) Where is thyroid gland present ?

b) Which hormones are secreted by it ?

19) What is the diabetes insipidus ?

20) Give the main functions of:

A) Testosterone

B) Oestradiol

C) progesterone

D) Relaxin

E) Oxytocin

21) GIVE FUNCTION OF:

A) thyroxine 

B) insulin

23) Name the blood vessels which transport the hormones.       

24) STATE the effects of over secretion of the following:

A) thyroxine.             

B) parathormone.       

C) somatotropin.     

D) adrenaline.      

25) Name some endocrine glands present in men.

26) In Which part Adrenaline is produced ?   

27) Name the hormone produced by the following glands in each case state one function of the hormone.

A) Thyroid

B) pancreas

C) adrenal medulla

28) Name the hormone secreted by the delta cells of the Islets of Langerhans.     

30)a) What are endocrine glands

b)  What do they secrete.

32) Explain why adrenaline is called the emergency hormone.

33) Define hormone:

34)a) Name the endocrine cells present in the pancreas.       

b) Name two hormones secreted by above-mentioned cells.  

c) Mention one main function of each hormone named in (b).         

36) Given below is a set of terms belonging to a common category. Find the category and the odd term:

A) steroid, cortisone, testosterone, adrenaline, prolactin.

37) State whether the following statement is true or false. If false rewrite the correct statement by changing the first or last word only.

Hormones are secreted directly into the organs.

39) State whether the following statement is true or false. If false, rewrite the correct statement by changing the first word only.

a)Testosterone is an androgen.

40) Name the hormone which lead to the following conditions:

A) Diabetes mellitus.      

B) growth of beard in women.  

C) Myxoedema.        

D) Gignatism.       

E) exothermic goitre.  

41) State whether the following statement is true or false. If false write the correct statement by changing the last word only.

# The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.

J) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

Select the correct answer out of the four available choices given under each question.

1) Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be a symptom of hypothyroidism ?

A) Mental sluggishness

B) slow reflexes

C) feeling cold

D) loss of weight.

2) Pituitary hormones are not involved in the regulation of which of the following?

A) thyroid gland cortex

B) adrenal

C) Islet of Langerhans

D) overy

3) Which hormone contains Iodine?

A) thyroxine 

B) Oxytocin 

C) insulin 

D) Oestrogen

4) Which organ is the site of glucose to glycogen conversion?

A) thyroid 

B) pancreas 

C) liver 

D) pituitary

5) Which organ produces a hormone which stimulates thyroxine production?

A) adrenal 

B) liver 

C) thyroid 

D) pituitary

6) which organ produces digestive enzymes and hormones

A) pancreas 

B) thyroid 

C) Pituitary

D) liver 

7) which of the following is an effect ?

A) conversion of glucose to glycogen.

B) increase in flow of blood to skeletal muscles.

C) increased water reabsorption in kidney.

D) production of sperm cells.

8) Deficiency of which during early infancy causes cretinism ?

A) adrenaline

B) insulin

C) Oestrogen

D) thyroxine 

9) Which hormone is responsible for injecting milk from the mammary glands glands ?

A) Oestrogen

B) FSH

C) LH

D) Oxytocin.

Physical and Chemical changes 

1) Substances pocess characteristics called properties by which they can be distinguished or identified. From the list of properties given below state which are physical and which are chemical.

a) Thermal conductivity.

b) liquification temperature.

c) Solidification point.

d) Action with indicators.

e) Reaction with dilute acid.

2) Listed below are certain characteristics of physical and chemical changes, identify the correct characteristics for the respective change.

a) loses its identity.

b) changes in form and state.

c) undergoes no change in its fundamental nature .

d) retains its identity.

e) undergoes a temporary change.

f) undergoing the change, changes in mass.

g) evolves or absorbs energy during the change.

h) undergoes change in certain physical properties only.

i) reverts back to original on removal of the change.

j) neither adds nor removes matter from itself.

k) forms at least one new product.

l) releases energy, which is required for completion of the change on reversal of the change.

3) In terms of the factors given below differentiate a physical change from a chemical change occuring in a substance.

a) composition 

b) energy 

c) mass 

4) State whether the following are physical or chemical changes.

a) vaporization.

b) sublimation.

c) liquification 

d) fermentation 

e) dehydration

f) Putrefaction

g) Rain cycle

h) Carbon cycle.

i) Nitrogen cycle.

j) on magnetization.

k) on rusting.

l) an addition to Copper sulphate solution.

m) burning of a candle.

n) melting of paraffin wax.

o) ripening of a fruit.

p) drying fruit.

q) drying paint.

r) drying of white wash.

s) dissolution of copper sulphate in water .

t) dissolution of carbon dioxide in water.

u) dissolution of iron in dilute HCl

v) passage of current through an electric bulb.

w) passage of current through acidified water.

x) passage of current through copper metal.

z) digestion of food.

a') respiration animals.

b') heat on camphor.

c') heat on Potassium chloride.

d') souring of milk.

e') boiling of milk .

5) Give reasons for the following changes. The reasons should include characteristics such as composition, nature of its change, energy changes or changes in mass of the substance if any.

a) Addition of sodium chloride to water is considered a physical change , while addition of sodium to water a chemical.

b) magnetization of iron is deemed a physical change while addiction of iron to silver nitrate solution and rusting of iron are deemed chemical changes .

c) Heating a platinum wire in a non-luminous flame prior to performance of the flame test is considered a physical change, but heating an iron wire in a bunsen burner is a chemical change.

d) Action of heat on ammonium chloride results in formation of a basic gas and an acidic gas while action of heat on ammonium nitrite result in formation of steam and nitrogen, even then the former is deemed a physical change while the latter a chemical.

e) Heating zinc oxide in a hard glass test tube is a physical change but heating red lead in a test tube or burning of carbon in oxygen or air is deemed a chemical change.

f) Dissolution of sugar in water is physical change while burning of paper is a chemical change.

g) magnetization of iron is a physical change while rusting of iron is a chemical change.

h) Addition of zinc to dilute hydrochloric acid is a chemical change.

i) Change of State of matter is a physical change.

j) Burning and respiration are considered as chemical changes.

k) Photosynthesis is considered a photochemical reaction.

l) Energy released during respiration and burning differ.

6) Differentiation between physical and chemical properties. Classify the following properties as physical or chemical properties.

a) Solubility 

b) odour

c) indicator test

d) electrical conductivity

e) dissolution in water

7) Select as Physical/changes

a) Ripening of a fruit

b) curdling of milk

c) melting of wax

d) the carbon cycle

e) separation of two liquids by distillation

f) melting of butter

g) formation of rain

h) boiling of liquid air

i) Composition of the molecules of the substance is altered.

j) change takes place in colour and solubility of substance only.

k) Energy required for completion of the change is released on reversing the change.

l) Matter undergoes changes, but the total mass is unaltered.

m) Change takes place in form or state only.

n) Oxidation of food substance in body cells.

o) Sublimation of iodine

p) Clotting of blood

q) Heat on zinc carbonate

r) Burning of magnesium

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES - A

1) Substances possess characteristics called properties by which they can be distinguished or identified. From the list of properties given below state which are physical and which are chemical .

a) Rhermal conductivity.

b) Liquification temperature.

c) Solidification point.

d) Action with indicators.

e) Reaction with dilute acids .

2) Listed below are certain characteristics of physical and chemical changes, identify the correct characteristics for the respective change.

a) losers its identity.

b) changes in form and state.

c) undergoes no change in its fundamental nature.

d) retains its identity.

e) undergoes a temporary change.

f) undergoing the change, changes in mass.

g) evolves or absorbs energy during the change.

h) undergoes change in certain physical properties only.

i) reverts back to original on removal of the change.

j) neither adds nor removes matter from itself.

k) forms atleast one new product.

l) releases energy, which is required for completion of the change on reversal of the change.

 

3) State whether the following are physical or chemical changes.

a) Interconversation of matter 

    i) vaporization 

    ii) sublimation 

    iii) liquification 

b) Fermentation 

c) Dehydration 

d) Putrefaction 

e) Natural processess

    i) Rain cycle 

    ii) Carbon cycle 

    iii) Nitrogen cycle 

f) changes in iron

    i)  on a magnetisation 

   ii) on rusting

   iii)  on addition to copper sulphate solution.

g)  Effect on hydrocarbons 

    i) burning of a candle.

   ii) melting of paraffin wax.

h) Changes in a fruit

   i) ripening of a fruit .

   ii) drying of fruits .

i) Changes in a point

     i) drying of a point.

    ii) drying of white wash.

j) Dissolution of substances 

    i) dissolution of copper sulphate in water.

    ii) dissolution of carbon dioxide in water.

    iii) dissolution of iron in dilute HCL.

k) Passage of electricity 

  i) passage of current through an electric bulb.

  ii) passage of current through acidified water.

  iii) passage of current through copper metal 

l) Bio-chemical processes

   i)  digestion of food.

   ii) respiration in animals.

m) Thermal changes

   i)  heat on camphor 

   ii) heat on potassium chloride

n) Changes in milk

  i) souring of milk.

  ii) boiling of milk.

i) Combustion 

   i) burning of kerosene oil.

  ii) burning of petroleum gas.

a) A body will sink_____ in pure water than in seawater.

b) An iron nail sinks in water but can float on _____.

c) Solids have ____density than liquids and liquids have ____density than gases.

d) The SI unit of density is_____

e) Mass = density x _____.

f) The density of an object remains____.

g) Density of water is ____.

h) Solids which are denser then a liquid_____ in that liquid.

i) Compared to liquid, gases are____ dense.

a) The type of the motion in which whole body displaced is called______.

b) Turning effect of force depends on___ and____.

c) In bicycle pedal force applied to the chain is ____then force applied at the pedal .

d) Sleepers below the rail track are used to _____weight and____ pressure on the ground.

e) The tip of the needle is made sharp to ____the pressure on it.

f) The gaseous envelope surrounding the earth is called ____.

g) in steering wheel the turning effect is maximum when forces are applied ____to the wheel.

h) The force acting ____to the surface is called thrust.

i) The tyres of vehicles designed to carry heavy load are____ as compared to those of cycles and bikes.

j) foundations of high rise buildings are made wide so that load is___ over a ___area.

k) 1 kgf= ____N(nearly ).

l) moment of force = ____ distance x distance of force from the point of turning.

m) in a door, handle is provided___ from the hinges.

n) pressure is the thrust acting on a surface of ____area.

o) the unit of pressure is ____

p) pressure increases on ____the depth.

a) SI unit of work is ____.

b) The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in a gravitational field is called its____

c) energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only ____

d) As mass m and v² are always positive, therefore ____is always positive, i.e.,  cannot be negative.

e) When the pendulum oscillates it has____ at the extreme position and ____at the mean positions.

a) Glasses is optically____ than air.

b) Speed of light is____ in air.

c) When a Ray of light moves from glass into air it bends___ the normal.

d) Bending of light when it moves from one medium into another is called___  of light.

e) ____ mirror is used in solar farms.

f) Real image can be taken on____.

g) concave mirror has a _____focus.

h) A concave mirror is a ____mirror.

i) Splitting of light into its constituent colours is called___

j) light consists of ____colours.

a) Unit of loudness is______.

b)  any sound above 85 dB can____.

c) sound is a form of ____which excites in our ears the ___ of hearing.

d) Pitch is a sensation which determines____ of sound.

e) ____ is a continuous sound especially of someone speaking, that does not change in pitch .

f) The number of vibrations made by the vibrating body in 1 second is called ___.

g) Wind instrument produce sound when____ is blown in them.

class viii chemistry or science

STATES OF MATTER - A

1) Match the Column 

COLUMN I

1) Have a different mass and volume but no definite shape.

2) Are not rigid at all, can flow and take up the shape and volume of the container in which they are stored .

3) Are almost incompressible.

4) Have a definite mass but a no definite volume or shape.

5) Have a low density and highly compressible .

6) Have any number of free surfaces .

7) Have one upper surface .

8) Have no surfaces.

9) Are very slightly compressible .

10) Have a definite mass, volume and shape.

COLUMN II 

A) Solids

B) Liquids

C) Gases.

2) The following table represents the main postulate of the kinetic theory of matter. Correlate the postulate of the kinetic theory in column I with the correct interconnecting word in column II.

COLUMN I

1) All matter in any state is composed of

2) The particles are arranged in an way such that they have existing between them .

3) The particle attract each other with a

4) The intermolecular attractive forces , with increasing distance

5) The particle are in continuous motion and possess 

6) The particles interact and also possess 

COLUMN II 

A) Potential energy

B) force 

C) space or gaps

D) particles 

E) kinetic energy 

F) decreases 

3) Name the state of matter whose characteristic correlates on the basis of the Kinetic theory.

1) Kinetic energy of molecules is least .

2) Intermolecular space is maximum.

3) Intermular force of attraction is negligible.

4) Particles closely packed and can vibrate about their mean positions only.

5) Particles show minimum compactness and are free to move in any direction.

6) Kinetic energy of molecules is very large.

7) Particles less compact and molecules free to move within the particular state of matter, without leaving it, hence the particular state can flow and has a definite volume.

8) Intermolecular force of attraction is maximum and intermolecular space is minimum.

4) The diagram given below represents Interconversations of states of matter from

  i) solid to liquid state 

  ii) liquid to gaseous state 

  iii) solid to gaseous state

a) Correlate the terms in column II with their meaning in column I.

COLUMN I 

1) Solid state to liquid state at a particular temperature.

2) Liquid state to solid state at a particular temperature.

3) Liquid state to gaseous state.

4) Gaseous state to liquid state without fall in temperature.

5) Solid state directly to gaseous (vapour state) without changing into liquid state.

COLUMN II 

A) Solidification 

B) Melting 

C) Vaporisation 

D) Sublimation 

E) Condensation 

b) Complete the blanks in the diagram given below with the terms representing interconversion of states of matter i.e., A to E in Column II.

MATTER AND ITS COMPOSITION - B

1) Name the change of state in which naphthalein changes into vapour .

2) Name a common substance which exists in all the three States of matter.

3) Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the words in brackets to complete each sentence.

a) interconversion and matter is ____(affected/not affected) by change in condition such as temperature and pressure.

b) As per kinetic theory of matter in any state is composed of ____(molecules/atoms or ions/molecules, atoms or ions)

c) The interparticle attractive force ____(increases/decreases) with increasing distance between the particles.

d) The particles are in continuous random motion and passes kinetic energy which___( increases/decreases) on application of heat .

e) Force of attraction of particle of matter in gases is ____(large/negligible).

4) Select the correct term from the terms A to F given below, correlating with each statement 1 to 5

1) Process of changes from gaseous state to liquid state without fall in temperature.

2) Process of change from liquid state to solid state at a particular temperature.

3) Temperature at which liquid changes into gaseous state at a pressure of 760 of Hg.

4) Process of change from liquid state to gaseous state.

5) Temperature at which liquid changes into a solid at a pressure of 760 mm.

A) Solidification B) Vaporization  C) Melting point  D) Solidification E) Boiling points  F) Liquification 

5) Select the correct word from the words in a bracket to compete each statement:

a) The quantity of matter represents___ while the gravitational pull its ___(weight/mass)

b) ____(iodine/naphthalene) is an example of a solid which is sublimes in the absence of heat.

c) Solidification is also termed as____ (fusion/ freezing).

d) The kinetic energy of molecules in a solid is____(low/very large).

e) In ammonium chloride the intermolecular force is____(high/ low)

6) Select the term, from the terms 1 to 5 which represent the changes A to E as shown in the diagram.

1) Condensation  2) Melting  3) Solidification 4) Sublimation 5) Vaporization 

7) Fill in the blanks given below with the words 'increases' or 'decreases' in each case:

a) During Solidification or freezing, the intermolecular force of attraction ____.

b) On heating a liquid at its melting point, the intermolecular distance _____ .

c) Ice melts at 0°C. At its melting point, the intermolecular force of attraction ___ .

d) Change from gaseous state to liquid state results due to____  in intermolecular distance.

e) On heating a sublimable solid,  the intermolecular force of attraction____ .

7) Give reasons for the following:

a) Solids ,liquids and gases are considered as a matter , but light is not.

b) On heating a solid at its melting point the intermolecular distance of the particles increases.

c) On heating a liquid at its boiling point, heat energy is converted to potential energy.

d)  Sublimable solids directly changes to gaseous state on heating.

e) At its freezing point a liquid changes into a solid

PHYSICS

1) What do you understand by the term "light energy "?

2) What do you understand by the term rectilinear propagation of light ?

3) Give two everyday phenomena which suggest that light travels in straight lines.

4) What do you understand by the following term? Give three examples In which case.

a) Transparent medium.

b) Translucent medium.

c) Opaque body.

5) Define the following terms regarding reflection of light:

a) Mirror

b) Incident ray.

c) Point of incidence.

d) Reflected ray.

e)  Normal 

f) Angle of incidence.

g) Angle of reflection.

h) Glance angle of incidence.

i) Glance angle of reflection.

5) State two laws of reflection.

6) State 5 characteristics of the image formed in the plane mirror.

7) What do you understand by the term reflection of light?

8) Define by giving an example, drawing a diagram and one use of the following:

a) Regular reflection.

b) Irregular(Diffused) reflection.

9) Define the following terms with reference to reflection of light:

a) Image

b) Real image.

c) Virtual image.

10) Draw a diagram to show reflection of rar of light using a plane mirror. In the diagram label the incident ray, the reflected ray, the normal, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.

11) By drawing two ray diagrams,

show how eye sees image.

12) a) Diagram shows two plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 90°.

By drawing two ray diagram, Show how an eye sees the images.

b) Which of the images formed above is brightest and why?

13) An insect is sitting in front of a plane mirror at a distance of 1m from it.

a) Where is the image of the insect form formed?

b) What is the distance between the inset and the image ?

14) Name a mirror which always produces an erect and virtual image of the same size as the object.

15) Distinguish between the real and the virtual image.

16) An object is placed at distance of 2cm from a plane mirror. If the object is moved 1cm towards mirror, what will be new distance between the object and the image?

17) Define the following terms:

a) Concave mirror.

b) Convex mirror.

18) What do you understand by the following terms with respect to a spherical mirror?

i) Pole 

ii) Centre of curvature.

iii) Principal axis.

iv) Principal focus.

v)  Focal length

vi)  Eadius of curvature.

vii) Aperture

19)a) In the diagram,

shown is a concave mirror M. A is a point on the principalnaxis. If an object is kept at A, the image is formed on itself. Draw the image in the diagram.

b) Is this image real or virtual ?

c) Measure the distance PA.

d) What is the distance PA called ?

e) Mark a point B on the principal axis at which. If a point source of light is kept, the ray travel parallel to principal axis after reflection from M. What is the point called ?

20) State the relation between the focal length and the radius of curvature.

21) a) An object O is placed at point A,

in front of a concave mirror. Show by two ray diagram, how the image is formed. 

b) State four characteristics of the image.

22) a) What is a real image ?

b) Is real image always inverted ?

c) What type of mirror is used to obtain a real image ?

d) Does the mirror named by you always form real image for all locations of the object ?

23) An object OA is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror as shown in diagram.

Complete the diagram to show the formation of the image.

24)a) Name a mirror which always forms virtual, erect image of the same size as the object. 

b) Name a mirror which sometimes forms a real image and sometimes a virtual image for different locations of the object.

c) Name a mirror which always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image.

25) Compare the properties of an image formed in case of a convex mirror and a concave mirror when the object is placed between the pole and the infinity.

26) By drawing two rays, show the formation of an image in the diagram given below,

for the object AB. State the size, position and the nature of the image formed.

27) You are provided with a plane mirror, convex mirror and a concave mirror. How will you distinguish between them without touching the mirrors ?

27) Why do drivers prefer a convex mirror as a rear view mirror ? illustrate your answer with a diagram.

28) Give two uses each of:

a) Plane mirror 

b) Concave mirror 

c) Convex mirror 

59) A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 20°. If the mirror is rotated through an angle of 45°, find 

a) Angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray before turning.

b) Angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray when the mirror is turned .

c) Angle through which the reflected ray turns.

d) What conclusion do you draw between the angle through which the mirror turns to the angle through which the reflected turns?

PHYSICS (W)

TEST PAPER - 3

SECTION - I (40 Marks)

Compulsory: Attempt all questions 

1) 

3)

4) The diagram shows a lens as a combination of a glass block and two prisms .. Answer the following question:

a) Name the lens formed .

b) What are the OX and point F called ?

c) Complete the ray diagram and give the formation image.

d) State the characteristics of the image.

5) An electric iron is marked 200V; 550 W.

a) Calculate the current flowing through it when working.

b) Resistance of filament.

c) Energy consumed in 3 hours of continuous working.

d) Expenditure of energy rated at Rs 2 per unit.

6) What is a transformer.

7) What is the value of 

a) a.c voltage supply for household electricity ?

b) frequency of a.c household supply voltage ?

Section - II (40 Marks)

1)

2) 

8)  Distinguish between a real and virtual image.

9) Two straight wires A and B, carrying strong equal currents in opposite directions , pass through a cardboard as shown in the figure. 

Sketch separately the lines of force produced by each current. Show the direction of magnetic field at X.

What will be the effect on the magnetic field at X, if the current in B is reversed ?

Explain why the lines of force at a distance may differ in shape from those in the immediate vicinity of the conductors.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY 

1) A conductor of resistance 4 Ω can pass a current up 2.5 A through it. Calculate the potential difference required across the conductor.        10V

2) Calculate the amount of work done in moving a charge of 5 C through a potential difference of 25V. What will be the potential difference if this amount of work is done in moving a charge of 10C ?       12.5V

3) A metallic wire of length 1m is stretched to double its length in such a way that there is no change in density of the wire . Calculate the ratio of the final resistance.     1:4

4) A wire of length 15m and uniform cross section of 6x 10⁻⁷m² has a resistance of 5Ω. Calculate the resistivity of the material of the wire.    2 x 10⁻⁷Ωm

5) When a potential difference of 4V is applied across the ends of a wire of 10m length, a current of 2A flows through it. Calculate 

a) the resistance per unit length of the wire.     0.2Ω m⁻¹

b) the resistance of 4m length of this wire.      0.8Ω

6) A battery supplies a current of 0.8 A through a 2Ω resistor and a current of 0.4A through a 5Ω resistor. Calculate the internal resistance of the battery.     1Ω

7) What will be the equivalent resistance of three resistors of 4Ω, 8Ω and 16 Ω if these are connected in 

a) series.    28Ω

b) parallel.      2.28Ω

8) A lamp of resistance 800 Ω, a fire alarm of resistance 30 Ω and a vacuum cleaner of resistance 200Ω are connected in parallel to the mains supply of 240 V. Calculate the current through each appliance and the total current supplied by the mains.    9.5A

9) The effective resistance of two resistors is 25Ω. If the resistance of one of the resistors is 10 Ω, what is the resistance of the other resistors ?     15Ω

10) The effecttive resistance of three resistors connected to a battery is 5 Ω. If R₁ = 10Ω, R₂ = 15Ω, what will be the value of R₃ ? Draw a circuit diagram with the flow of current across each resistor.      30Ω

11) A parallel pair of resistors of values 4Ω and 12 Ω are together connected in series with another resistors of value 3 Ω and battery of emf 24 V. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate the current across each resistor .        3A, 1A

12) The figure below shows

V-I graphs of two metallic conductors for series and parallel combination. Which graph represents parallel combination ?

13) The lengths of three conducting wires of same materials are in the ratio 1:2:3. The area of cross section of each wire is same, if these wires are joined in parallel across a battery, what will be the ratio of the currents in them ?     6:3:2

14) In the given circuit diagram,

the emf of the cell is 5 V and its an internal resistance is 2.5 Ω. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit.    0.67A

15) Find the current flowing through the given circuit connected to a cell of supply 5V. 

  3.75A

16) From the circuit flow diagram given below,

Calculate the current flowing through the circuit.      0.67A

17) Three resistors of 8Ω, 4 Ω and 2 Ω are connected together in such a way that the total resistance is greater than 8Ω but less than 10 Ω. Suggest a suitable arrangement of how these resistors can be possibly combined and calculate the total resistance.    9.33Ω

18) In the given diagram,

A₁, A₂ and A₃ are three ammeters of negligible resistance. The reading of ammeter A₃ is 1A. Calculate 

a) the readings of ammeter A₁ and A₂.    3A

b) the total resistance of the circuit.     2Ω

19) The diagram below

shows three resistors of 5Ω, 8Ω and 10Ω connected to a battery of emf 10V. Calculate 

a) the potential difference across the parallel resistors 8Ω and 10Ω.   4.7V

b) the current through 8Ω resistors.   0.59A

20) A cell of emf 2.5 V and internal resistance 1.5 Ω is connected to resistors of 5 Ω and 15Ω in series. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate 

a) the current in the circuit.   0.116A

b) the potential difference across each resistor.    1.74V

c) the total potential difference across the cell.     2.32V

21) An electric motor draws a current of 5 A from a 220V line. Determine the power of the motor and the energy consumed in 2 hour.   7.92 x 10⁶J

22) A heater has a power of 1.1 kW at 220V.

a) Find the resistance of the heater.   44Ω

b) Calculate the energy in kWh consumed in a week if the heater is used daily for 4h.    30.8 kWh

23) An electric heater draws 5A of current for 10 minute when connected to 230V power supply. Find the heat energy developed.      690 kJ

24) Find the current flowing through an electric bulb rated as 100W, 220V when connected to a 110 V supply. What will be the power consumed now?    25W

25) Three bulbs, A, B and C, are connected in parallel across 110V source . The rating of bulb is 5oW, 110V,  bulb B is 20W,110 V and bulb C is 100 W, 110V

a) Calculate the current flowing in each bulb.  0.45A, 0.18A, 0.9A

b) Which bulb will glow the brightest ?    C

26) Two resistors with resistance R₁ = 5Ω and R₂=7Ω are connected in series across a battery of emf of 16V. Draw a circuit diagram and find

a) the electrical energy consumed by each resistor in 30 second.265.33J, 371.47 J

b) total power developed in the circuit.      21.28 W

27) In the previous example, if the resistors are connected in parallel instead of series, what would be the electrical energy consumed by each resistor. Draw a circuit diagram for the same.    1536 J, 1097.14 J

28) two bulbs are rated as 40W, 220 V and 40W, 110 V,  respectively. Compare the resistance of two bulbs.    4:1

29) A geyser is rated 1.5kW, 250V. It is connected to 250V mains. Calculate 

a) the current drawn by the geyser.     6A

b) electrical energy consumed in 10h in joules.     54 x 10⁶ J

c) cost of energy consumed at Rs3.50 per kWh.      Rs52.50

30)  Four tube lights of 40 W each, two fans of 100W each and three bulbs of 60W each operate on an average of 8h per day. If the cost of energy is Rs2.50 per kWh, calculate the monthly bill.      Rs324

CLASS- IX

Week -1   

               CHEMISTRY

(Language of Chemistry, Chemical Reaction)

-----------------------------------------------------

Question 1. (Any Three).       1x3= 3

Classify the following reactions

i) Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq)-->ZnSO₄+ H₂ (g)

ii) BaCl₂(aq)+ Na₂SO₄(aq) --> BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

iii) 2CO(g) + O₂(g) ---> 2CO₂(g)

Iv) 2KNO₃(s) ---> 2KNO₂(l)+ O₂(g)

Question 2 (Any Three)        2x3 = 6

Define:

i) Chemical double decomposition

ii) Catalyst

iii) Oxidising agent

iv) Inflammable substance 

Question 3.                                    (2)

CuO(s)+ H₂(g)--------Cu(s)+ H₂O(l).

In the above reaction, by giving reasons, explain which substance is:

i) Oxidised

ii) Reduced

iii) Oxidising agent

iv) Reducing agent

OR

Write the formula of the following:

i) Ammonium sulphate

ii) Zinc carbonate

iii) Lead hydroxide

iv) Barium chooride

Question 4.                                 (3x1)

State the valency and formula of the following:

i) Ammonia

ii) calcium

iii) Ferric

Question 5.                            1x3 = 3

Write the formula and then balance the following equations:

i) Ammonium chloride --> Ammonia+ Hydrogen chloride

ii) Red lead oxide --> lead monoxide+ Oxygen

iii) Sodium nitrate --> sodium nitrite+ Oxygen.

Question 6.                                     (1)

XCl₂ is the chloride of metal X. Write down the formula of sulphate and hydroxide.         

Question 7.                                    (2)

What is the difference between Exothermic and Endothermic reaction.    

CLASS- IX

PHYSICS

F. M- 100.     Time: 2 hrs

1) a) State any four difference between distance and displacement.

b) Give an example of the motion of a body moving with a constant speed, but with variable velocity. Draw a diagram to represent such a motion.

c) A car is moving with a velocity of 72 kmph. The brakes are applied to retard at a rate of 2 m/s². What will be the velocity after 5s of applying the brakes ?   (4+3+3)

2) From the velocity-time graph derive the equation of motion, ut + (1/2) at².

b) Following table gives the displacement of a car at different instants of time. Draw the displacement-time sketch and find the average velocity of the car. What will be the displacement of the car at 2.5s and 4.5 s?

Time (s):                 0    1      2    3     4 

displacement(m):  0    5    10  15   20        (5+5)

3) A spacecraft flying in a straight course with a velocity of 75 kmph fires its rocket motors for 6s. At the end of this time its speed is 120 kmph in the same direction. Find 

i) the spacecraft's average acceleration while the motors were firing.

ii) the distance travelled by the space craft in the first 10s after the rocket motors were started, the motors having been in action for only 6.0s.

b) Derive the mathematical form (F= ma) of Newton's second law of motion.  (5+5)

4) a) Use Newton's second law of motion to explain the following:

i) you pull your hands back while catching a fast moving cricket ball.

ii) you prefer to land on sand instead of hard floor while taking a high jump.

b) Obtain the relationship between S. I and C. G. S units of force.

c) A car is moving with a uniform velocity 30m. It is stopped in 2s by applying a force of 1500N through its breaks. Calculate 

a) the changes in momentum of the car.

b) the retardation produced in car

c) the mass of car.      (4+3+3)

5) a) State Newton's law gravitation. Write an expression for the gravitational force of attraction between two bodies of masses x and y separated by a distance r. Write the numerical value of gravitational constant G with its Si unit.

b) Name and state the action and reaction in the following cases:

i) firing a bullet from a gun.

ii) a book lying on a table.

iii) a person walking on the floor.

c) Define the term acceleration due to gravity. Write its SI unit. Write an expression to show is the acceleration due to gravity related to the mass and radius of the earth.   (4+3+3)

6) a) State four differences between mass and weight.

b) A body of mass 10kg is taken from the Earth to the Moon. if the value of 'g' on the earth 9.8 m/s and on the moon is 1.6 m/s find :

i) the weight of the body on the earth.

ii) the mass and weight of the body on the Moon.

c) State 3 differences between thrust and pressure .    (4+3+3)

7) a) Deduce an expression for the pressure at a depth inside a liquid.

b) Explain why a gas bubble released at the bottom of a lake grows in size as it rises to the surface of the lake.

c) Calculate the height of a water column which will exert on its base the same pressure as 70 cm column of mercury. Density of mercury is 13.6 x 10² kg/m³.    (4+3+3)

8) a) State two factors which affect the atmospheric pressure as we go up. Draw an approximate graph to show the variation of atmospheric pressure with attitude.

b) Name and state the law of transmission of pressure in fluids.

c) What do the following indicate in a barometer regarding weather:

i) gradual fall in the Mercury level.

ii) sudden fall in the Mercury level.

iii) gradual rise in the Mercury level.      (4+3+3)

9)a) State four differences between heat and the temperature.

b) What do you mean by anamalous expansion of water ? At what temperature the density of water is maximum ? State its value.

c) Draw a diagram showing the temperature of the various layers of water in an ice covered pond.    (4+3+3)

10)a) When a bar of iron 50.0 cm long at 15°C is heated in a furnace, it becomes 50.4cm. If the coefficient of linear expansion of iron 0.000011°C, find the temperature of the furnace.

b) What do you understand by zero on Kelvin scale? Write its value in 0°C. State one difference and one feature of similarity between the Celsius and Kelvin scales .

c) The body temperature of healthy person 98.6°F.  Calculate the corresponding temperature on the Kelvin scale.     (4+3+3)

CHEMISTRY (Final)

Time: 1 hr 30+ 10 mins reading time:    Marks-80

GROUP -A

1) Name the principle metal, the composition and two uses for the following alloys.

a) magnalium 

b) stainless steel 

c) German silver 

d) bronze 

e) aluminium bronze

f) brass      (3+4+3.5+3.5+3+3)

2) In the equation given below, state which reaction will proceed and which reaction will not proceed. Give a reason for your answer.     (8)

a) Zn+ CuSO₄ ---> ZnSO₄+ Cu.

b) Cu+ FeSO₄ ---> CuSO₄ + Fe.

c) 3Mg+ 2AlCl₃ --> 3MgCl₂ + 2Al.

d) 2Al + 3ZnSO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃+ 3Zn.

3) State most important uses of the following non metals.    (12)

i) carbon ii) Nitrogen iii) Oxygen iv) silicon  v) Phosphorus  vi) Sulphur 

GROUP B 

4) a) What is petroleum ?    (2)

b) Name four major fractions obtained and one use of each when petroleum is refined ?   (8)

5) a) How is lamp black prepared on a large scale.     (7)

b) State three uses of lamp black .      (3)

6) What do you understand by the following terms.     10)

a) Radioactivity

b) Radioactive substances

c) oxidation 

d) calcilation of ore

e) roasting of ore 

7) a) What is an alloy ? Why are alloys made.    (4)

b) Name two noble metals and give two uses of each metal named by you.   (4)

c) Calculate the amount of Calcium oxide formed from 2g of calcium metal (Ca=40, O= 16).      (2)

THE PERIODIC TABLE 

1) Complete the statements given below pertaining to different Chemists and their contributions towards classification of elements by chosing the correct words from the following list.

(Mendeleeff, Robert Boyle, Early Chemist, New land, Lavoisier, Doberenier, Carl Scheele, Moseley, Humphry Davy)

a) _______attempted to classify elements on basis of their properties, metallic and non metallic nature, valency  etc, but the classification was discarded and atomic weight and not properties were considered for further classification .

b) ______ classified elements into groups of three on observing a relationship between atomic weights of certain elements and their properties. He arranged elements in increasing order of atomic weights in groups of three called triads.

c) ______ are arranged elements in series in ascending order of their atomic weights and suggested a resemblance between the eighth and first element similar to the 8th and first notes on a musical scale.

d) _______ arranged elements in increasing order of their atomic weights and observed that elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals on arrangement. Such properties are called periodic properties and are those which appear at regular intervals in a periodic table. Examples of such properties are valency, electronegativity, metallic and nonmetallic character.

e) _____ stated that atomic number and not atomic weight of an element should be taken into consideration for classification of elements .

f) _______'periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights.

g) ______arranged elements in increasing order of atomic numbers in seven horizontal rows called and 18 vertical columns called groups.

2) Name or state the following reference to Mendeleef's periodic table:

a) On what basis was the classification of elements made by Mendeleeff.

b) State the terms used for the following pertaining to Mendeleef's periodic table.

    i) The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.

   ii) The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table.

   iii) The properties which repeat themselves at regular intervals in the periodic table.

c) State three contributions made by Mendeleef's which significantly helped to form the basis of the modern periodic table.

d) Give reasons why Mendeleeff periodic table was not completely accepted as the Modern periodic table.

3) Naior state the following pertaining to the Modern Periodic Table.

a) The fundamental characteristics of an element which formed the basis of classification of elements in the Modern Periodic Table.

b) The number of horizontal rows - periods in the table.

c) The number of vertical columns - groups in the table.

d) The period which contains only two elements.

e) The period which contains 8 elements each .

f) The period which contains element having stable electronic configuration 2,8,8.

g) The first element of the periodic table,

h) The type of elements present in the zero group of the periodic table.

i) The last element of the third short period.

j) The period which contains the lanthanide series which is situated at the bottom of the periodic table.

k) The group which are further divided into subgroups A and B.

4) Name or state the following pertaining to the elements of the periodic table.

a) The number of electron shell in the elements of periods one, two or three respectively.

b) The electronic configuration of the zero group element of period-1.

c) The number of valence electrons of the element in group IV of period-2 of the periodic table.

d) The valency of the elements of group IA, VIIA and zero group.

e) The group to which the elements carbon (at no. 6), nitrogen (at no, 7) and oxygen (at no 8)  belong.

f) The period to which sulphur (at no 16) and chlorine (at no 17) belong.

g) The electronegative element from the element sodium, magnesium and sulphur.

h) The type of bonding seen in the oxide of the element in period-3, group IIIA.

i) An element in period-3,  group VA whose chloride exists in two different physical states.

j)  The groups of the periodic table which contains the alkali metals , alkaline earth metals and the halogens respectively.

k) The grouping name given to the type of elements present in groups

      i) IB to VIIB and VIII

      ii) IA to VIIA

l) The non metal positioned in group IA.

m)  The series of chemically reactive metals of period -7 placed at the bottom of the periodic table.

n) The least electronegative elements from the elements chlorine, bromine and Iodine in group VIIA.

o) The element in period-2, group IA, which shows similarity with a divalent metal in period-3 group IIA.

p) The non metallic element in period-2 to which is diatomic and unreactive at ordinary temperatures.

5) State whether the following statements of true or false. If false rewrite the correct statement.

a) Element with similar outer electronic configuration are placed in the same period of the periodic table.

b) If properties of one member of a group is known the properties of other members of the group could be correlated due to similarity or gradation in properties of elements in a group.

c) Non metals occupy the upper right hard corner of the periodic table.

d) The two sub groups A and B accommodate elements with similar properties.

e) Properties of elements remain the same on moving from left to right in the modern periodic table,

f)  Electronegativity and nonmetallic character of elements increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group.

6) Write i) Electronic configuration ii) Group Assigned iii) Metallic/ nonmetallic iv) Electronegative/Electropositive of the following:

Element      Atomic number 

a) Hydrogen.  1

b) Carbon        6

c) Nitrogen     7

d) Oxygen        8

e) Sulphur       16

f) Chlorine      17

g) Lead            82

h) Bismuth      83

i) Polonium     84

j) Astatine       85

CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY - CHEMICAL REACTIONS

      THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY 

1) State the valency and name the ion or radical in each of the following cases given below (The first example is completed for you):

Electrical ent positive ions or radicals 

Symbol/Valency        Name

a) K¹⁺                        Potassium 

b) Na

c) H

d) NH₄

e) Ca

f) Mg

g) Zn

h) Ba

i) Ni

i) Co

j) Al

k) Cr

Variable valencies 

a) Cu¹⁺

b) Cu

c) Hg¹⁺

d) Hg

e) Fe²⁺

f) Fe

g) Mn²⁺

h) Mn

i) Pb²⁺

j) Pb

k) Pt²⁺

l) Pt

Electrovalent negative ion or radicals

Symbol/valency      Name

a) Cl¹⁻                     Chloride 

b) ClO₃

c) ClO

d) Br

e) I

f) OH

g) NO₂

h) NO₃

i) HCO₃

j) HSO₃

k) HSO₄

l) AlO₂

m) MnO₄

n) SO₃

o) SO₄

p) S

q) CO₃

r) O

s) CrO₄

t) Cr₂O₇

u) ZnO₂

v) PbO₂

w) PO₄

x) N

y) C

2) State the valency of each of the elements in the respective compounds:

a) Sulphur in    (i) sulphur dioxide 

                           ii) sulphur trioxide 

b) Nitrogen in    i) Nitrogen monoxide 

                           ii) Nitrogen dioxide 

                          iii) dinitrogen oxide 

                          iv) dinitrogen pentoxide 

c) Copper in      i) cupric oxide 

                          ii) Cuprous oxide 

3) Give the formulas of the following compounds whose metallic radical exhibits variable valency.

a) Cupric nitrate.

b) Cuprous chloride.

c) Iron(II) sulphate.

d) Mercuric nitrate.

e) Plumbous chloride.

f) Stannous chloride.

g) Mangannic sulphate.

h) Platinic chloride.

i) Mercurous chloride.

j) Iron [II] nitrate.

4) Give the name of the compounds whose formulas are listed below:

a) HNO₂       ___

b) HCO₃            |

c) H₂C₂O₄.        |

d) H₃PO₄          |   --- Acids

e) CH₃COOH    |

g) Al(OH)₃

h) CaSiO₃.

i) Na₂ZnO₂.

j) K₂CrO₄.

k) Mg₃N₂.

5) A chemical equation is a shorthand form for a chemical change 

a) 2KClO₃  ---∆--> 2KCl + 3O₂.

     i) In the above reaction name the reactant and the products.

     ii) State what the arrow in between indicates.

6) Balance the following equations.

a) CuO+ NH₃ --> Cu + H₂O + N₂.

b) NH₃ + Cl₂ --> HCl + NCl₃.

c) Mg₃N₂ + H₂O --> Mg(OH)₂ + NH₃.

d) Pb₃O₄ + HCl --> PbCl₂ + H₂O + Cl₂.

e) Manganese [IV] + Hydrochloric acid --> Manganese (II) Chloride+ Water + Chlorine.

f) Potassium hydroxide + Chlorine --> Potassium chloride + Potassium hypochlorite + Water.

g) Ammonium dichromate --> Chromiumoxide + Water+ Nitrogen.

h) Potassium sulphite + Nitric acid --> Potassium nitrate+ Water+ Sulphur dioxide.

i) Iron [II] chloride + Water + Sulphur dioxide --> Iron [II] Chloride+ Sulphuric acid+ Hydrochloric acid.

j) Copper+ Sulphuric acid --> Copper sulphate + Water+ Sulphur dioxide.

k) Iron [III] oxide + Carbon monoxide --> Iron + Carbon dioxide.

l) Sodium sulphite+ Sulphuric acid --> Sodium sulphate+ Water+ Sulphur dioxide.

m) Zinc + Sodium hydroxide --> Sodium zincate --> Hydrogen.

n) Aluminium+ Carbon dioxide --> Aluminium oxide + Carbon.

o) Sodium bicarbonate+ Aluminium sulphate --> Sodium sulphate+ Aluminium hydroxide+ Carbon dioxide.

p) Calcium hydroxide+ Ammonium sulphate --> Calcium sulphate+ Water+ Ammonia.

q) Nitric acid+ Magnesium carbonate --> Magnesium nitrate+ Water+ Carbon dioxide.

r) Iron [III] oxide+ Sulphuric acid --> Iron [III] sulphate+ Water.

s) Zinc sulphide+ Oxygen --> Zinc oxide+ Sulphur dioxide.

t) Carbon+ Nitric acid --> Carbon dioxide+ Water+ Nitrogen dioxide.

7) Match the different types of chemical reactions in column II with the meaning of the type of reactions in column I.

COLUMN I 

a) A chemical reaction in which two or more elements or compounds react to form one new compound as a product.

b) A chemical reaction in which a chemical compound decomposes or splits up into two or more simpler substances. It is generally brought about by heat.

c) A chemical reaction which takes place when an element [or radical] has replaced another element in a compound.

d) A chemical reaction in which two reactants are both the decomposed to form new substances by exchanging their radicals.

e) A chemical reaction which employes a catalyst to alter the rate of a reaction.

f) A chemical reaction in which the products formed react together to form the original reactants depending on the conditions of the reaction.

g) A reaction in which a substance dissociates into two or more simpler substances on application of heat and is a reversible reaction.

h) A reaction which involves addition of oxygen or electronegative element or removal of hydrogen or electropositive element.

i) A reaction which involves addition of hydrogen or electropositive elements or removal of oxygen or electronegative element.

j) A chemical reaction which proceeds with evolution of heat energy.

k) A chemical reaction which proceeds with absorption of heat energy.

l) A chemical reaction which proceeds with absorption of light energy.

COLUMN II 

A) Double decomposition 

B) Exothermic reaction 

C) Reversible reaction

D) Displacement reaction

E) Combination or synthesis 

F) Decomposition reaction

G) Thermal dissociation 

H) Endothermic reaction 

I) Catalytic reaction 

J) Oxidation reaction

K)  Photochemical reaction

L) Reduction reaction.

8) With reference to the reaction -- A to L in column II of the previous question no. 7 state the type of reaction/s to which each of the following belongs :

a) Addition of zinc to copper sulphate solution.

b) Heat on lead nitrate crystals.

c) Preparation of oxygen from potassium chlorate.

d) Conversion of ferrous chloride to ferric chloride using chlorine.

e) Formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

f) Liberation of hydrogen at the cathode acidified water.

g) Manufacture of glucose by green plants.

h) Formation of nitric oxide from Nitrogen and oxygen.

i) Addition of zinc to dilute sulphuric acid.

j) NH₄Cl <=> NH₃ + HCl.

k) 2KNO₃ --∆--> 2KNO₂ + O₂.

l) 2H₂O₂ --H₃PO₄--> 2H₂O + O₂.

m) PbBr₂ --> Pb²⁺ + 2Br¹⁻ [ions].

n) 2HgO --∆--> 2Hg + O₂.

o) N₂O₄ <=∆=> 2NO₂.

p) AgNO₃ + KCl --> AgCl + KNO₃.

q) Fe + S --> FeS.

r) H₂ + Cl₂ --> 2HCl.

                  ˢᵘⁿˡᶦᵍʰᵗ

s) C + H₂O --> CO.

t) Cl₂ + 2KI --> 2KCl + I₂.

u) 3Fe + 4H₂O <==∆=> Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂.

v) 2Cu + O₂ --> 2CuO.

w) Fe₂O₃ + 2Al --> Al₂O₃ + 2Fe.

x) KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ --> HNO₃ + KHSO₄.

y) 2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ --> 2FeCl₃.

z) Fe+ H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂.

a) SO₂ + Cl₂ --> SO₂Cl₂.

b) 3Ca + N₂ --> Ca₃N₂.

c) CuSO₄ + Fe --> FeSO₄ + Cu.

d) 4HNO₃ --> 2H₂O + 4NO₂ + O₂.

8) Oxidation and reduction reactions are generally termed as redox reactions . In the examples given below underline the oxidised product or reduced product in the respective reactions. Underline substance is the oxidising or reducing agent respectively.

Oxidation reactions 

a) Cu + O₂ --> 2CuO.

b) H₂S + Cl₂ --> S + 2HCl.

c) 2FeCl₂ Cl₂ --> 2FeCl₃.

d) SO₂ + H₂O + Cl₂ --> H₂SO₄ + 2HCl.

e) H₂S + 2FeCl₃ ---> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + S.

f) Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂.

g) Fe + S --> FeS.

h) 2Mg + SO₂ --> MgO + S.

i) 2H₂S + SO₂ --> 3S + 2H₂O.

j) S + 2H₂SO₄ ---> 3SO₂ + 2H₂O.

Reduction reactions 

a) CuO + H₂ --> Cu + H₂O.

b) Br₂ + H₂S --> 2HBr + S.

c) 2FeCl₃ + H₂S --> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + S.

d) 2HgCl₂ + SnCl₂ --> Hg₂Cl₂ + SnCl₄.

e) 2FeCl₃ + SO₂ + 3H₂O --> 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + H₂SO₄.

f) Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 2H₂O + SO₂ --> 2FeSO₄ + 2H₂SO₄.

g) Cl₂ + 2H₂O + SO₂ --> 2HCl + H₂SO₄.

h) 2HNO₃ + SO₂ --> 2NO₂ + H₂SO₄.

i) 2KMnO₄ + 2H₂O + 5SO₂ --> 2MnSO₄ + K₂SO₄ + 2H₂SO₄.

j) K₂Cr₂O₇ + H₂SO₄ + 3SO₂ --> Cr₂(SO₄)₃+ K₂SO₄ + H₂O.

9) Name the following:

a) A coloured gaseous oxidising agent.

b) A liquid oxidising agent which on thermal decomposition in presence of a catalyst liberates oxygen.

c) A gaseous reducing agent containing Oxygen.

d) An acidic other than nitric and Sulphuric Acid which is an oxidizing agent.

e) A gaseous reducing agent neutral in nature other than carbon monoxide.

f) An oxidizing agent which liberates chlorine on heating with concentric hydrochloric acid.

g) Two neutral gases which react to give a basic gas and the reaction is exothermic.

h) Two neutral gases which react to give a neutral oxide and the reaction is exothermic.

i) A substance which decomposes by absorption of sound energy.

j) Two substances which react explosively on close physical contact.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE 

1) Define the terms 

a) Atomic number 

b) Mass number 

c) Electron

2) From the symbol ⁴₂He for the elements helium, write down the mass number and the atomic number of the element.

3) a) Sulphur as an atomic number of 16 and a mass number of 31. State the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of sulphur.

b) Give a simple diagram to show the electrons in an atom of sulphur.

4) ²⁴₁₂Mg and ²⁶₁₂ Mg are symbols of two isotopes and magnesium. compare the atoms of these isotopes with respect to:

a) the composition of their nuclei.

b) their electronic configurations .

c) give the reason why the two isotopes of magnesium have different mass numbers.

5) Chlorine is an element of atomic number 17. It is a mixture of two Isotopes having mass number of 35 and 37.

a) What is meant by "atomic number of an element"? What do you understand by an 'atom'.

b) Write down the electronic configuration the chlorine atom.

c) State the number of protons , electrons and a neutrons in the following isotopes: ³⁷Cl₁₇, ³⁷Cl₁₇.

d) Explain why the two atoms in (c) above have the same chemical reactions.

e) If molten magnesium chloride is electrolysed suggest suitable electrode(anode).      Carbon 

6) Five atoms are labelled V to Z

Atoms    mass number.  Atomic number 

 V               40                    20

 W              19                     9

 X                 7                     3

 Y               16                     8

 Z               14                     7

i) Which one of these atoms (a) contains 7 protons (b) has an electronic configuration 2.7 ?            Z, W

ii) Write down the formula of the compound formed by atoms X and Y.      X₂Y

7) Element X, Y, Z have atomic numbers 6, 9 and 12 respectively, Which one:

a) forms anions - negative ion.

b) forms cation - positive ion.

c) has 4 electrons in the outermost orbit.

8) The atoms of aluminium is represented by ²⁷Al₁₃. Write down the number of

a( electrons

b) protons

c( neutrons

d) the arrangement of electrons in the different orbits or shells in one atom of aluminium.

9) Name the element which does not contain any neutrons in its nucleus.

10) Elements A, B, C have atomic number 9, 20 and 10 respectively.

a) State which one is (i) a nonmetal (b) a metal  (c) a chemically insert

b) Write down the formula of the compound formed by two of the above elements.

11) Write down the electronic configuration of the following: 

a) ²⁷₁₃X

b) ³⁵₁₇Y.

Write down the number of electrons in X and neutrons in Y and the formula of the compound formed by X and Y.         XY₃

12) Write down:

a) The mass number of the atom having 20 neutrons and 15 protons.

b) The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom having atomic number 17 and mass number 37.

13) What is the relation between the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom.

14) Copy and complete the following table relating to the atomic structure of some elements.

Element    At. No  Mass.no  pro  neu  elect 

Beryllium      4.        9                     

Fluorine        9                                10

Sodium                                           12      11

Phosphate.             31            15 

15) The electronic structure (configuration) of fluorine can be written as 2,7. In a similar way give the electronic configuration of:

a) aluminium

b) phosphorus

16) Represent each of the following:

a) a proton 'p'.

b) an electron 'e'.

c) a neutron  'n' in terms of its symbols showing the subscript and superscript values.

17) An element 'A' has mass number 23 and atomic number 11. State the 

a) number of neutrons in its shell.

b) electronic configuration of the element 'A'.

18) The following elements U and Z are given :

₃U, ₆V, ₉W, ₁₄X, ₁₈Y, ₂₀Z.

State the electronic configuration of each and state whether they are metals, non metals or insert gases.

19) Draw the geometrical atomic structure of each of the following atoms showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in each of them:

a) ¹²₆C 

b) ²³₁₁Na

c) ³¹₁₅P

d) ³⁹₁₉K

e) ⁴⁰₂₀Ca

20) Four elements A, B, C, D are given :

A shows the presence of 20 neutrons and 17 electrons.

B shows the presence of 18 neutrons, 17 protons and 17 electrons.

C shows the presence of 10 neutrons, 9 protons and 10 electrons.

D shows the presence of 4 neutrons , 3 protons and 1 electrons.

 State which of the above is-

a) an atom

b) a cation 

c) a pair of isotopes.

 Write the formula of the compound formed between D and C.

21) Difference between the terms -

a) stable and unstable electronic configuration

b) Duplet and octet rule 

c) Electron and proton 

d) atomic number and mass number 

e) nucleus and nucleons 

f) Valence shell and penultimate shell

22) Select the correct answer from the answers in brackets to complete each sentence.

a)  An element has electronic configuration 2, 8, 1 and 12 neutrons. Its mass number is ____( 11/23 /12).

b) The maximum number of electrons in M shell is _____(8/32/18).

c) Isotopes have same____( number of neutrons/ electronic configuration/ atomic masses).

d) An___( atom/ion) is capable of independence existence in solution.

e) An atom with electronic configuration 2,7 and mass number 19 will have____ (8/10/12).

23) Give reasons for the following:

a) the physical properties of isotopes of the same element are not identical.

b) the mass number of an atom is slightly less than the actual atomic mass.

c) the shells surrounding the nucleus of an atom are also called 'energy levels'.

d) Helium is chemically extremely unreactive.

e) Mass number is slightly less than the actual atomic mass.

24) Name the state the following:

a) the three isotopes of hydrogen.

b) Two elements having same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.

c) the valency of an element whose electronic configuration is 2, 8, 3.

d) the shell closest to the nucleus of an atom.

e) An element having valency zero.

25)

State the number of neutrons in each of the atoms A to E. Also state which of the atoms A to E is a metal.

26) Match the elements A to E in list 1 with their valencies in list 2 and with their nature in list 3.

List : 1

A) Atomic number 7, mass number 14

B) Electronic configuration 2,8.

C) neutrons 14, electrons 13

D) neutrons 22, protons 18.

E) electronic configuration 2,8,1

List: 2

1) -3

2) +1

3) +3

4) +2

5) 0

List: 3

X: metal 

Y: nonmetal 

Z: noble gas