MODEL TEST PAPER (Chemistry) ICSE - 22/23

Model test paper -1

               SECTION -J(40 Marks)

     (Answer all Questions)

Question 1.

A) Answer the questions below, relating your answers only to salts in the following that:

Sodium chloride, anhydrous calcium chloride, copper sulphate -5-water.

i) What name is given to the water in the compound copper sulphate -5-water?

ii) If copper sulphate -5-water is heated, the water is driven off leaving anhydrous copper sulphate.

  a) What is the colour of anhydrous copper sulphate?

 b) By what means, other than heating, could you dehydrate copper sulphate -5-water and obtain anhydrous copper sulphate?

iii) What is deliquesce?

iv) Which one of the salts in the given list is deliquescent?          (5)

B) State what you see when:

i) A piece of moist blue litmus paper is placed in a gas jar of chlorine.

ii) A piece of moist red litmus paper is placed in a gas jar of ammonia.

iii) silver nitrate solution is added to dilute hydrochloric acid.

iv) Zinc oxide is heated.

v) A glowing splint is introduced into a gas jar containing oxygen. (5)

C) Write correctly balanced equation for the following reactions:

i) Molten sodium and chlorine.

ii) nitrogen and oxygen when lightning strikes.

iii) Iron and dilute sulphuric acid.

iv) Decomposition of hypochlorous acid in sunlight.

v) Action of heat on potassium nitrate.

D) A substance X gives a persistent yellow colour in non-luminous flame, The substance reacts neither Dil or conc. Hydrochloric acid. Its solution gives a white precipitate with barium chooride solution, insoluble in hydrochloric acid.

 i) What are cation and anion in X?

ii) Give the balanced equation in respect of above reaction.

iii) Give the popular name with formula of a hydrated sample of the salt.                 (5)

E) The compound Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O is commonly known as borax. When litmus is added to a solution of borax it turns blue. 

i) What can you say about the pH of borax solution ?

ii) Calculate the percentage of boron(B) in borax.

(H=1, B= 11, O= 16, Na= 23. Answer correct to 1 decimal place).     (5)

F) i) Sodium hydroxide solution can be used to distinguish between iron(II) sulphate solution and iron (III) sulphate solution because these solutions give different coloured precipitates with sodium hydroxide solution. Give the colour of the precipitate formed with:

 a) iron(II) sulphate solution.

 b) iron (III) solution.

ii) What will you see when barium chooride solution is added to iron II) sulphate solution?

iii) How will the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite enables you to distinguish these two compounds?              (5)

G) Choosing only words from the following list write down the appropriate words to fill in the blanks (i) to (v) below:

anions, anode, cathode, cations, electrode, electrolyte, nickel, voltameter.

To electroplate an article with nickel requires an (i)___ which must be a solution containing (ii)____ions. The article to be plated is placed as (iii)_____of the cell in which the plating is carried out. The (iv)___of the cell is made from pure nickel. The ions which are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are called (v)______.

H) 

           SECTION -II(40 Marks)

       (Answer any four questions)

Question 2.

a) i) Name the oxide of sulphur which reacts with water to give sulphuric acid.

 ii) In the Contact Process, the direct reaction between the oxide of sulphur and water is avoided. In this process, what does the oxide of sulphur react with instead of water and what is the name of the product?

 iii) Give the name and formula of the acid salt which can give sodium ions and sulphate ions in solution.  (4)

b) i) Name the zinc compound in zinc blende.             

  ii) Concentrated nitric acid has yellow tinge. This colour is removed by blowing air in it.

iii) Hydrogen is a non-metal, even then it discharge at cathode.     (3)

c) Write correctly balanced equations for the reaction of dilute sulphuric acid with each of the following: 

 i) Copper carbonate.

 ii) lead nitrate solution.

 iii) zinc hydroxide.                     (3)

Question 3.

a) The following reactions are carried out:

A: Nitrogen+ metal-->compound X

B: X+ water --> ammonia+ another compound.

C: Ammonia+ metal oxide --> metal + water+ nitrogen.

   i) One metal that can be used for reaction A is magnesium.

   (1) State the conditions for the reaction.

  (2) Write the formula of the compound X formed when nitrogen and magnesium react together.

 ii) Write the correctly balanced equation for reaction B where X is the compound formed between nitrogen and magnesium.

 iii) What property of ammonia is demonstrated by reaction C ?    (4)

b) Industrially, ammonia is obtained by direct combination between nitrogen and hydrogen.

 i) Write the correctly balanced equation for the direct combination or nitrogen with hydrogen.

 ii) Which of the metals iron, platinum, copper catalyst this direct combination?

iii) Is the formation of ammonia promoted by the use of high pressure or low pressure?         (3)

c)i) Is ammonia more dense or less dense than air ?

ii) What property of ammonia is demonstrated by the Fountain Experiment?

iii) Write the correctly balanced equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid.   (3)

Question 4.

a) i) The compound A has the following percentage composition by mass: carbon 26.7%, oxygen 71.1%, hydrogen 2.2%. determine the empirical formula of A.(work to one decimal place) (H=1, C= 12, O= 16).  

ii) If the relative molecular mass of A is 90, what is the molecular formula of A!

iii) The compound A is a weak acid. What is meant by this statement?   (6)

b) Ammonia burns in oxygen and the combustion, in the presence of a catalyst, may be represented by:

  2NH₃ + 5/2 O₂ ---> 2NO + 3H₂O.

 i) What mass of steam is produced when 1.5g of nitrogen monoxide is formed?

ii) What volume of oxygen, at STP is required to form 10 moles of products ?

(H=1, N=14, O=16. 1 mole of a gas occupies 22.4 dm³(22.4 litres) at STP.           (4)

Question 5.

a) The table below compares some properties of metals and nonmetals. Write down the missing statements (i) to (iv):

  Metal                  Non metal

i) ___            poor conductor of heat

   Not malleable (ii) _____

  Form positive ions  (iii)_____

iv)  ____         for acidic oxides.     (4)

b)i) Metals are generally solid at room temperature. Name the metal which is liquid at room temperature (say 25° C).

ii) Which allotrope of the non-metal carbon conducts electricity ?   (2)

c)i) How many valence electrons are present in:

 A)  metals

 B)  non metals

 ii) Name all the particles found in a solution of sodium chloride.    (4)

Question 6

a) i) Ethane and chlorine react together to form monochloroethane (ethyl chloride)

    A) write down the structural formula of Ethane.

  B) what types of reaction has taken place between Ethane and chlorine ?

 ii) The type of reaction between ethene and chlorine is different from that between Ethane and chlorine.

  A) what is the type of reaction between ethene and chlorine ?

 B) What features of the Ethene structure makes such a reaction possible ?

 C)  name the product of the reaction between Ethene and chlorine.         (5)

b) Ethane burns completely in air or oxygen to give carbon dioxide (and water vapour). With a limited supply of air/oxygen carbon monoxide is formed. The same gases are found in automobiles exhaust gases. Both gasrs can be considered as a atmospheric pollutant.

 i) write the equation for the complete combustion of ethane.

ii) what dangerous is associated with carbon monoxide ?

iii) what effect is associated with too much carbon dioxide in atmosphere?

iv)  burning acetylene(ethyne) in oxygen under appropriate conditions produces a very hot flame. What is his hot flame used for ?           (5)

Question 7.

a) solution P as a pH of 13, solution Q has a pH of 6 and solution R has a pH of 2.

 i) Which solution will liberate ammonia from ammonium sulphate on heating ?

ii) which solution is strongest acid.

iii) which solution contains salute molecules as well as ions ?        (3)

b) i) Give the name and formula of the ore of zinc.

ii) Write equation for the following steps in the extraction of zinc.

   1) Roasting of the ore.

   2) Reduction of the zinc compound which is the product of the reaction.

iii) What, in addition to a zinc compound, is put into the blast furnace?

iv) State one large scale use of zinc.          (6)

c) All ammonium salts are decomposed on heating. What other property so ammonium salts have in common.      ?      (1)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Revision)

1) Fill in the blanks to represent relationship which is concerned:

A) White blood cell _______

B) right ventricle: pulmonary artery:: left ventricle: _____

C) platelets _______

D) Lubb: Atrioventricular Valves :: Dup: ____

2) Fill in the blanks:

A) The blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood to the heart is ____(aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery)

B) The liquid portion of the blood is ____

C) ____ is a pigment in mammalian body which is responsible for the transport of oxygen.

D) Nucleated blood cells are called ____.

E) A protein called an ____ destroys harmful injective micro- organisms.

F) A protein called ____ is ingredient in the clotting reaction of the blood.

G) The blood vessel leaving the left ventricle of the mammalian heart is the _____

H) The valve present between the left atrium and the left ventricle is _____.

I) The average life of RBC is_____

J) ____brings deoxygenated blood from the head to the heart.

3) Write the odd one out and give a reason for your answer.

A) spleen, thymus, pancreas, tonsil

B) heart beat, systole, diastole, vena cava.

C) systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, stethoscope, Sphygmomanometer

D) RBC, ATP, WBC, platelets

E) Oxyhaemoglobin, carbaminohaemoglobin, hypoxia, carboxy haemoglobin.

4) DIFFERENTIATE:

A) blood plasma/serum

B) Inferior vena cava/dorsal aorta

C) Pleura/pericardiam (position)

D) RBC/WBC

E) Artery/vein (in regard to their microscopic structure).

F) pulmonary artery/pulmonary vein (direction of blood flow)

G) anaemia and leukemia(nature of disorder)

H) pulmonary artery/pulmonary vein.

I) veins/lymphatic vessels.

J) plasma/serum

K) Vein/vain

L) blood/lymph (cellular context)

5) Reason behind:

A) What happens if the coronary artery gets an internal clot?

B) Abnormally large number of WBCs in the blood is usually an indication of some infection in our body.

C) Veins have valves at an interval in their inner lining whereas the arteries do not have valves.

D) Why are capillaries thin walled.

E) Blood doesn't clot inside blood vessels.

6) Name the following:

A) An artery which carries deoxygenated blood.

B) Upper chamber of heart.

C) Main blood vessels from heart 

D) The element required for clotting of blood in man.

E) The constituent of blood destroyed in the liver.

F) The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricle ejaculates blood to the aorta and pulmonary artery.

G) The site of production of red blood cells in the adult humans.

H) a blood vessel that supplies oxygen to heart.

I) a blood vessel that transport oxygen to the lungs 

J) The straw coloured fluid that remains when the formed elements and fibrinogen have been removed from the blood.

K) Name the arteries which supply pure blood to:

   I) head

  II) stomach

  III) live

  IV) kidney

  V) heart

L) The site of production of red blood cells in the adult humans.

M) The structures that control the heart beat.

N) two main constituents of haemoglobin.

7) Function:

A) white blood cells

B) heart

C) Red blood corpuscles (origin and function)

D) platelets

E) Thromboplastin

F) Biscuspid valve

8) Questions:

A) A mammal is said to have " double circulation". What does this mean.

B) Name the chambers of the heart which contain deoxygenated blood.

C) State the changes in the composition of the blood as it passes through the regions intestine and kidney.

D) Where are pocket like valves found in the human body? What is their function?

E) Name any three specialised cells found in the human body. Write their function 

F) What are the main steps in the coagulation of blood?

G) Define Phagocytosis (name a cell in the human body which carries out this process .

H) how does blood coagulation takes place

I) what is clotting time

J) what is pulse.

K) What is a pace-maker ?

L) What is anaemia

M) State three functions of human blood.

9) State where the following (secretion or fluids) are produced in the human body:

A) Red blood cells

10) TRUE/FALSE:

A) Leucocyte show amoeboid movement.

B) The heart beat of normal human adult beats more than one lakh times 

C) pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

D) average life of red blood cell in our body is about 120 hours.

ELECTROLYSIS (X) Revision

Part (1)

1) Define:

A) Voltmeter

B) electrodes

C) cathode

D) anode

E) electrolyte

F) non-electrolyte

G) electrolysis

2) Name three different classes of compounds which are electrolysis.

3) classify the following solutions into electrolytes (strong/weak) and non-electrolytes:

A) sugar solution

B) water (distilled)

C) common salt solution (aqueous)

D) Aqueous sodium hydroxide

E) acetic acid

F) copper sulphate solution

G) hydrochloric acid

H) lead bromide

4) Write the formula or symbols with different charges of the ions present in the following:

A) sodium hydroxide solution

B) ammonium sulphate solution

C) Iron(III) chloride solution

D) silver nitrate solution

5) Explain the following:

A) metals conduct electricity bill they are not called electrolysis.

B) Hydrogen chloride is not a conductor of electricity but its solution in water (acid hydrochloric) is a good conductor

C) Metallic ions are always at the cathode.

D) solid lead bromide is not a conductor of electricity but in the fused or molten state it is a good conductor.

E) Aluminium conducts electricity both in the solid and the liquid states.

F) Would you class graphite as a conductor or an electrolyte.

6) Explain the difference between a strong and a weak electrolyte. Give two examples of each kind in support of your answer.

7) State two difference between each of the following:

A) sodium -atoms and sodium ions.

B) chloride ions and chlorine atoms.

8)a) What is meant by the preferential discharge of ions.

B) State three factors which govern this preference.

9) Arrange the following+ve and- ve in the order they will be discharged first in preference to others:

At the cathode. At the anode

   H⁺                              SO²⁻₄

  Mg ²⁺                         Cl⁻

   Ca²⁺                          OH⁻

    K⁺                              I⁻

   Cu²⁺                         NO⁻₃

   Na⁺

10) Name the products formed in anode and cathode of the following:

A) Acidulated water or (Dil. Sulphuric acid): 

Cathode : platinum

Anode: platinum

B) copper (II) sulphate solution.

Cathode : copper 

Anode: copper

C) copper (II) sulphate solution.

Cathode : platinum 

Anode: platinum

D) lead bromide (molten)

Cathode : carbon 

Anode: carbon

E) copper (II) chloride solution.

Cathode : copper 

Anode: carbon

11) Explain the reactions which take place at the cathode and the anode during electrolysis in each of the following cases and write ionic equation to explain the reaction:

A) copper-sulphate solution using both platinum electrodes:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation ---

B) copper (II) chloride using copper cathode and carbon anode:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation----

C) Lead bromide using carbon electrodes:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation---

12) What would you observe if the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution using platinum electrodes is continued for a long time?

13) State three difference between metallic and electrolytic conductors.

14) State three important application of electrolysis.

15) What precautions would you take in electroplating an article so that the deposit may be firm and lasting.

16) Fill in the blanks:

A) Molten lead(II) bromide conducts electricity. It is called an ____. It is composed of lead_____ and bromine ____. The lead____are___ charged and are called ____. The bromine ____are____ charged and are called _____. During electrolysis the lead ___are attracted to the _____ charged electrode which is called ___ and the bromine ____are attracted towards the ____charged electrode which is called ____.

B) Aqueous solution of HCl and NaCl which conduct relatively large quantity of current are called ____electrolytes while electrolytes like acetic acid or carbonic acid which conduct comparatively very small amount of current are called ____ electrolytes as they ___ in solution.

17) Complete the following equations which show what happens at the electrodes during electrolysis.

A) 2H+ 2e⁻ = ____

B) 4OH⁻ = 2H₂O+ O₂+ ____

C) ___+ 2e⁻ = Pb.

D) Al³ + ____= Al.

E) ____= Br₂ + e⁻

F) _____+ e⁻ = Ag 

G) ____= Cl₂ + 2e⁻ 

H) 2O²⁻ = O₂ + ______.

18) Explain the following terms in terms of loss or gain of electrons by atoms of an element:

A) oxidation

B) reduction

C) An oxidising agent

D) A reducing agent.

19) Complete the following equations and state If the particular reaction is oxidation or reduction:

A) Mg²⁺ --> Mg

B) Mg --> Mg ²⁺

C) Cl --> Cl⁻

D) S²⁻ --> S

E) Fe²⁺ --> Fe³⁺

F) Fe³⁺ --> Fe²⁺

G) 1/2 O₂ --> O²⁻ 

20) State which ions in the following reactions get oxidised and which get reduced.

Express in terms of loss or gain or electrons.

A) Ferrous chloride in solution is converted into ferric chloride.

2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ = 2FeCl₃.

B) Reaction between hydrogen sulphide and chlorine.

H₂S + Cl₂ = 2HCl + S

C) Carbon monoxide is passed over heated copper oxide.

CO + CuO = Cu + CO₂.

                                

LENSES

A) Complete the following sentences using the words given in the box: (one, optical Centre, concave, convex, erect, inverted, principle focus, beyond, real, deminished, highly diminished, same, plano-convex, virtual, infinity)

1) A lens with one plane surface and other convex is called___ lens 

2) The image formed by a concave lens is____, ____ and______.

3) A ray of light coming parallel to the principal Axis, passes through the ___after refraction in a convex lens.

4) when an object is between D and 2F in a convex lens, the image will form___2F on the other side of the lens.

5) A reading lens is a ____lens.

6) When the medium on both sides of a lens is the ___ both the focal lengths of the lens are equal.

7) The image formed by convex lens is____, ____ and___ when an object is beyond 2F.

8) A____ lens diverges the parallel rays of light coming from a point.

9) The magnification of the image of an object lying at 2F is_____.

10) The image of an object positioned at the focus is formed at _____.

11) A point in a lens at which a ray of lights suffers no refraction is called ______.

B) State whether TRUE or FALSE, Also correct the false statements:

1) A concave lens if kept at a proper distance from an object can form its real image.

2) if the rays of light from a point object actually meet at a point after refraction, the image is virtual.

3) A Ray of light incident parallel to the principal axis of a lens passes undeviated after refraction.

4) A ray of light incident at optical centre of a lens emerges parallel to the principal axis after refraction.

5) A convex lens produces a virtual, inverted and magnified image of an object lies at infinity.

C) DEFINE:

1) Lens

2) Principal axis

3) optical centre

4) First principal focus for a convex lens.

5) First principal focus for a concave lens.

6) Second principal focus for a concave lens.

7) Second principal focus for a convex lens.

8) focal length

9) first focal length

10) second focal length 

11) magnification

12) dioptre 

D) Short Questions:

1) What are the different kinds of lenses

2) Give any two characteristics of the image produced by concave lens.

3) Is it possible to converge the rays by a concave lens ?

4) which of the two is diverging lens: convex or concave ?

5) State whether a concave lens has a Virtual Focus or real focus.

6) give any two characteristics of the image produced by a convex lens.

7) A lens forms an upright and diminished image of an object irrespective of its position. What kind of lens is this ?

8) A lens forms an inverted image of an object. What kind of lens is this ?

9) Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same size as object is obtained using a convex lens ?

10) For what position of an object a real and diminished image is formed by a convex lens ?

11) A convex lens forms the image of an object equal to the size of the object. Where is the object placed in front of the lens ?

12) Name a lens which always forms an erect and virtual image.

13) What will be the nature of the image, real or virtual, if a lens forms an inverted image of an object ?

14) which lens is used for projecting the images on the screen

15) Where should an object to be placed in order to use a convex lens as a magnifying glass ?

16) How is the power of lens related to what kind of lens related to its focal length?

17) What kind of lens can form an:

a) erect diminished image.

b) inverted diminished image.

c) inverted magnified image ?

d) erect magnified image.

18) if the image formed by a lens is always diminished and erect, what is the nature of the lens ?

19) Which type of lens has a:

a) negative power 

b) positive power

20) which of the two has a greater power: a lens of short focal length or a lens of large focal length?

21) State the nature of a lens having a power of - 10D.

22) What type of a lens can be used as a magnifying glass ?

23) State three characteristics of the image of an extended source, formed by a concave lens?

24) which physical quantity does the unit dioptre represent.

25) State two applications each of

a) a convex lens 

b) a concave lens

26) what do you understand by the term 'power of lens' ? Express the formula for power of lens when focal length is in

a) metres

b) centimetres

E) Diagrammatic questions

1) What are the three convenient rays which are drawn to construct the ray diagram of a lens ?

2) Discuss the formation and characteristics of the image formed by a convex lens when the object is:

a) between the optical centre and the focus

b) at the focus

c) between F and 2F

d) at 2F

e) beyond 2F

f) at infinity

F)  Multiple Choice Questions:

1) The point through which a ray of light passes without suffer deviation is called.

i) pole ii) focus iii) centre of curvature iv) optical Centre

2) A convex lens is:

i) thick at the centre and thin at the periphery.

ii) thin at the centre and thick at the periphery.

iii) thick at the centre with one surface as plane.

iv) thin at the centre with one plane surface.

3) Parallel light rays entering a convex lens always converge at:

i) the focal plane

ii)  the principle focus

iii) a point on the principle axis.

iv) the centre of the curvature.

4) A Ray of light directed towards the optical Centre:

i) passes through the focus.

ii) becomes parallel to the principal Axis after refraction.

iii) passes undeviated

iv) is reflected back.

5) a concave lens forms the image of an object which is:

i) virtual, inverted and diminished

ii) virtual, upright and diminished

iii) virtual, inverted and enlarge

iv) virtual, upright and enlarged.

6) the magnification for a concave lens is always:

i) less than one

ii) equal to one

iii) more than one

iv) nothing can be said

7) a magnified and erect image is obtained when an object is placed in front of a convex lens. The distance of the object from the lens will be :

i) greater than three focal lengths.

ii) equal to two focal lengths.

iii) between one and two focal lengths.

iv) less than one focal length.

8) An object is placed at 5cm distance from a convex lens of focal length 10cm. the image formed will be:

i) real and inverted

ii) real and enlarged

iii) virtual and diminished

iv) virtual and enlarged

9) an object is placed 50cm from a convex lens of a focal length 30cm. The image formed will be:

i) inverted and of the same size as the object.

ii) inverted and diminished

iii) inverted and magnified

iv) erect and diminished

10) A lens used as a magnifying glass:

i) is a concave lens

ii) produce a virtual image

iii) is placed with the object nearer the lens than the principal focus.

    A (a) alone

    B (c) alone

    C (a) and (b) only

    D (b) and (c) only

    E (a), (b) and (c)

11) A body is placed at a distance 2f from a convex lens of focal length f. The image is formed:

i) at Infinity ii) at 2f distance iii) between f and 2f distance iv)  less than f distance

12) An object is placed at a distance of more than 40cm from a convex lens a focal length 20cm. The image is formed:

i) at a distance less than 20cm

ii) at 20cn distance

iii) between 20cm and 40cm distance

iv) more than 40cm distance

TRANSPORT OF FOOD AND MINERAL

A) Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct alternative out of those given within brackets:

1) Just below the route cap, lies region of ____. (Meristem/root hair/cell enlargement)

2) The root hair is _____.(a cell/a cilium/an extension of cell)

3) The root cap acts as a ____ . (conductive tissue/ protective tissue mechanical tissue)

4) Approximate 98% of the water is absorbed through____. (plasmolysis/active absorption/ passive absorption)

5) The plasmalemma of root hair is ______. (permeable/ impermeable/ semipermeable)

B) Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative out of those given within brackets:

1) The water rises in the stem through ______.(phloem/ xylem)

2) The solution which has the same concentration of dissolved particles as inside the cell is called ____.(hypotonic/ isotonic)

3) In tall trees, the ascent of sap takes place by____. (Turgor pressure/transpiration pull)

4) Absorption of water by the roots is by means of ____(root hairs/stem)

5) The movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to that of lower concentration is termed____.(osmosis/diffusion)

7) The pressure by which the cortical cells of the root force water into the xylem is called ___. (Turgor pressure/root pressure)

8) ____ is the state of a cell in which the cell wall is rigid and streched by the increase in volume of vacuoles by absorption of water.(Flaccidity/ turgidity)

9) The diffusion of particles of ___ across the semipermeable membrane is known as Osmosis. (solvent/solute)

C) Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the list:

( opposite ,Osmosis, selective permeable, energy, higher, semipermeable membrane, diffusion,shrink, water, ascent of sap, cohesion theory, turgor movements, Osmosis, semi permeable)

1) Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a ___membrane.

2) Osmosis and diffusion are the same except that in Osmosis there is a ____.

3) The upward movement of water along with mineral salts dissolved in it is called___.

4) The movement of liquid through a selectively permeable membrane is termed as____.

5) Absorption of water in plants takes place through the roots by the process of _____.

6) Active transport is in a direction____ to that of diffusion.

7) The plasma membrane is___.

8) The most acceptable theory of ascent of SAP is ____.

8) ____ is the medium of transport of a mineral in plants.

9) Active absorption requires___ for absorption.

10) The concentration of cytoplasm or Cell SAP is___ in a plasmolysed Cell than in the turgid cell.

11) When a cell placed in a more concentrated solution, the cell content will___.

12) The bonding movements of certain flowers towards the sun and the sleep movements of certain plants at nights are examples of____.

13) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy is termed _____.

D) Observe the relationship between the first two pairs and then fill in the suitable word at fourth place.

1) Hypotonic : Endosmosis : : Hypertonic : _____.

E) Given below is an example of a particular structure and its special functional activity. e.g., Glomerulus and Ultrafiltration.

 On a similar pattern complete the following:::

 Phloem and _______

F) NAME THE FOLLOWING 

1) The upward movement of water and Minerals from Roots to leaves and other parts of a plant.

2) The fully expanded condition of cell with its cell wall in a state of tension due to accumulation of water.

3) Pressure through which water can rise up to some feet.

      OR

What is responsible for guttation

4) The process in which water absorption needs metabolic energy.

5) 

7) A solution whose concentration is lower than that of the cell sap.

8) A solution whose concentration is equal to that of the cell sap.

9) The tissue which conducts manufactured food from leaves to the other parts of a plant.

10) The term given to the osmosis in which water from living cells diffuses out.

OR

The process which makes the tissue flaccid.

11) The tissue responsible for the ascent of sap.

OR

Tissue concerned with upward movement of water in plants.

OR

A structure that transports water from the soil to other parts of the plant.

12) Flow of water from outside and environment into the cell.

14) The process by which raisins swell up when placed in a beaker of water.

OR

 Marine fish when it thrown under tap water bursts because of:

15) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy.

OR

 The process of mixing of two different substances/molecules.

16) The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of a cell.

OR

 Process by which water enter root hair.

17) The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed cell is filled with.

OR

 A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell is filled with.

OR

A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell sap.

18) Condition of cell placed in a hypotonic solution.

19) The pressure exerted by cell contents on a plant cell wall.

20) The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.

G) SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1) Name four psychological processes associated with water absorption.

2) Mention the various physical forces involved in the absorption of water and minerals.

3) What is and Endosmosis ?

4) What is Exosmosis?

5) How is root hair structurally adapted for absorption of water ?

6) what is meant by ascent of sap?

7) What do you mean by osmotic pressure ?

8) How does a living cell behave in hypotonic and isotonic solutions?

9) Name three factors which determine the absorption of water.

10) state whether active absorption is osmotic or non-osmotic ?

11) Under what osmotic conditions, water does not enter into a cell?

12) what will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a hypotonic salt solution for about 30 minutes?

13) what is flaccid condition of a cell ?

14) Name one chemical substance which is transported from roots to the shoot and one which is transported from the leaves to the lower parts of the plant.

15) Give an example of osmosis occuring in the human body and a green leaf.

16) State whether the following statements are true or false. rewrite the false statement by changing the first or the last word.

a) Cells that have lost their water content are said to be deplasmolysed.

b) xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants .

17) Given below is a set of five terms. without changing the first term, rearrange the remaining four, so as to be un logical sequence as per the direction given in bracket. 

 Soil water, xylem, cortex, endodermis, root hair (conduction of water)

18) Given below is an incomplete explanation of certain biological process/term where a key word has been left out. Rewrite the completed explanation by inserting the key word in the space indicated by ∆

*Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from its region of high concentration to its reagion of low concentration through a ∆ membrane.

19) The following paragraph is related to absorption of water from the soil. Copy and complete the following paragraph by selecting the correct word from those given in the box. You may use the term only once.

 - (Exosmosis, hypertonic, osmosis, isotonic ,hypotonic, cortical, Endosmosis)

 *Water enters the root hair from the soil by the process of___. This is because the solution in the soil is ____whereas the cell sap in the root hair cell is____ The water then passes through the___ cells by cell to cell___ and reaches the xylem of the root.

20) The leaves of a well watered potted plants were found wilted during a hot sunny day 

a) suggest two reasons which could have caused the wilting of the leaves.

b) Would the cells of the leaves in the wilted state be flaccid or turgid?

c) explain briefly the meaning of the term inside in your answer to above 

d) what advantages would the plant have derived from wilting ?

e) what explanation would you suggest if the wilted leaves did not recover even during the night?

21) Select the correct answer out of the four available choices given under each question :

a) The path of water and soluters from the soil to the conducting tissue of the root is :

I) soil -->root hair -->cortex -->Endosmosis --> pericycle--> protoxylem--> phloem 

ii) soil -->root hair --> cortex --> pericycle--> endodermis--> protoxylem--> metaxylem.

iii) soil -->epidermal cell of the root--> cortex---> endodermis --> pericycle--> protoxylem --> metaxylem---secondary xylem.

iv) soil -->root hair--> cortex-- endodermis --> pericycle-->protoxylem -->metaxylem.

b) water will be absorbed by root hairs when :

I) concentration of salt in the soil is high

ii) concentration of solutes in the cell SAP is high.

iii) the plant is rapidly respiring.

iv) They are separated from the soil by a semipermeable membrane.

c) which of the following statement is wrong ?

I) plant absorbs only one thing at a time --water or inorganic salts

ii) water and inorganic salts are taken in simultaneously by root hairs

iii) plants take in small quantity of mineral salts through root hairs.

iv) Roots are one of the main absorbing organs of the plant.

d) Root cap has no role in absorption because it has:

I) no direct connection with vascular system

ii) loosely arranged cells 

iii) no cells containing chloroplast

iv) no root hairs

e) xylem transport water in tall trees appears to be mainly due to: 

I) metabolic activity in xylem cells

ii) root pressure 

iii) capillary rise in xylem open pipes

iv) transpiration pull and Cohesion of water molecules.

f) water available to the plant is:

I) run off water 

ii) gravitational water

iii) hygroscopic water 

iv) capillary water.

g) root pressure is maximum when :

I) transpiration is high and absorption is very low.

ii) transpiration is very low and absorption is very high

iii) absorption is very high and transpiration is also very high.

iv) absorption is low and transportation is also very low.

h) In plants water supply is due to:

I) Osmosis 

ii) imbibition

iii) Guttation

iv) cohesive force

H) REASON BEHIND::

1) Give biological reason, why marine fish burst when thrown under top water .

4) Can osmosis be regarded as diffusion ? Give reason.

5) if you Sprinkle some common salt on grass growing in a lawn, it is killed at that spot. Suggest a possible reason for it,

6) If you uproot a plant from the soil its leaves why?

7) why the grass in your lawn becomes greener if you add a little fertilizer to it , but it dies if you add a lot of it.

8) explain how the soaked seeds swell up and burst their seed coats.

9) Fresh water fish cannot survive in sea water .

10) A closed can of dried seeds burst open if some water enters it by accident .

11) why the raisins swell up in water

12) We gargle with saline water in case of throat infection.

13) the leaves wilted lettuce, if kept in the cold water, become crisp.

14) bacteria and fungi do not grow in pickles, jams, jellies and squashes, etc.

I) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN:

1) Osmosis/Diffusion

Daily Biology (IX)

1) A cell can be defined as (tick mark the most appropriate answer from the following):-

a) cell is the structural unit of living beings.

b) cell is the functional unit of living beings.

c) Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living beings.

2) state whether the following statements are true or false:

a) the cell membrane is the living part of the cell.

b) The cell wall is formed of cellulose is nonliving.

c) endoplasmic reticulum is a network of single membrane.

d) Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

e) Golgi bodies are the store houses of energy.

f) Lysosomes are also called as the sucidal bags of the cell.

g) The energy currency of the cell is D. N. A.

3) Enlist seven living parts found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

4) Choose appropriate words from the list given below to suitably match the statements under the column A. Write the word in the appropriate space provided under Column B.

( ribosome, lysosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, Golgi body, Centrosome)

COLUMN A COLUMN B

a) produce chemical energy.

b) sites of protein synthesis.

c) secrets various substances.

d) destroy for in substances.

e) contains geans.

f) most of the chemical reactions in the cell take place here.

g) Outer covering of the cell, which is semipermeable.

h) structure made up of two centrioles.

5) Name the structures which perform the following functions inside the plant cell.

  Function Structure

a) trap sunlight for photosynthesis.

b) provide colour to the petals.

c) It has genes which are carried from parent to the offspring.

d) this is made up of cellulose.

6) Complete the blank space in the table given below.

part of the cell function

a) ____ assists cell division and is found only in animal cells.

b) Nucleus _______

c) ribosome ______

d) ________. filled will cell sa,p found mostly in plant cells.

e) Ce wall ______

7) State the functions of the following organelles found in the cells..

Organelle Functions

a) Centriole

b) Chloroplast

c) Lysosome

d) Mitochondria

e) Golgi body

f) Chromosome

8) Differentiate between the following structure found in cells.

a) chromosome and centrosome.

b) ribosome and endosplasmic reticulum.

c) nucleus and nucleolus

d) endosplasmic reticulum and vacuole 

e) cytoplasm and Protoplasm.

f) cell wall and cell membrane.

9) state whether the following statements are true or false:

a) cytoplasm is the part of the cell found between the nucleus and cell membrane.

b) all cells have a cell wall.

c) chromosomes are structures found in cytoplasm.

d) Ribosomes are 'sites' in a Cell where fat is synthesized.

e) centrosomes participate in cell division.

Daily Biology (VIII)

1) A cell can be defined as (tick mark the most appropriate answer from the following):-

a) cell is the structural unit of living beings.

b) cell is the functional unit of living beings.

c) Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living beings.

2) state whether the following statements are true or false:

a) the cell membrane is the living part of the cell.

b) The cell wall is formed of cellulose is nonliving.

c) endoplasmic reticulum is a network of single membrane.

d) Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

e) Golgi bodies are the store houses of energy.

f) Lysosomes are also called as the sucidal bags of the cell.

g) The energy currency of the cell is D. N. A.

3) Enlist seven living parts found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

4) Choose appropriate words from the list given below to suitably match the statements under the column A. Write the word in the appropriate space provided under Column B.

( ribosome, lysosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, Golgi body, Centrosome)

COLUMN A                   COLUMN B

a) produce chemical energy.

b) sites of protein synthesis.

c) secrets various substances.

d) destroy for in substances.

e) contains geans.

f) most of the chemical reactions in the cell take place here.

g) Outer covering of the cell, which is semipermeable.

h) structure made up of two centrioles.

5) Name the structures which perform the following functions inside the plant cell.

  Function                       Structure

a) trap sunlight for photosynthesis.

b) provide colour to the petals.

c) It has genes which are carried from parent to the offspring.

d) this is made up of cellulose.

6) Complete the blank space in the table given below.

part of the cell                    function

a) ____                  assists cell division and is found only in animal cells.

b) Nucleus                        _______

c) ribosome                      ______

d) ________.                 filled will cell sa,p found mostly in plant cells.

e) Ce wall                          ______

7) State the functions of the following organelles found in the cells..

Organelle                          Functions

a) Centriole

b) Chloroplast

c) Lysosome

d) Mitochondria

e) Golgi body

f) Chromosome

8) Differentiate between the following structure found in cells.

a) chromosome and centrosome.

b) ribosome and endosplasmic reticulum.

c) nucleus and nucleolus

d) endosplasmic reticulum and vacuole 

e) cytoplasm and Protoplasm.

f) cell wall and cell membrane.

9) state whether the following statements are true or false:

a) cytoplasm is the part of the cell found between the nucleus and cell membrane.

b) all cells have a cell wall.

c) chromosomes are structures found in cytoplasm.

d) Ribosomes are 'sites' in a Cell where fat is synthesized.

e) centrosomes participate in cell division.