A) Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct alternative out of those given within brackets:
1) Just below the route cap, lies region of ____. (Meristem/root hair/cell enlargement)
2) The root hair is _____.(a cell/a cilium/an extension of cell)
3) The root cap acts as a ____ . (conductive tissue/ protective tissue mechanical tissue)
4) Approximate 98% of the water is absorbed through____. (plasmolysis/active absorption/ passive absorption)
5) The plasmalemma of root hair is ______. (permeable/ impermeable/ semipermeable)
B) Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative out of those given within brackets:
1) The water rises in the stem through ______.(phloem/ xylem)
2) The solution which has the same concentration of dissolved particles as inside the cell is called ____.(hypotonic/ isotonic)
3) In tall trees, the ascent of sap takes place by____. (Turgor pressure/transpiration pull)
4) Absorption of water by the roots is by means of ____(root hairs/stem)
5) The movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to that of lower concentration is termed____.(osmosis/diffusion)
7) The pressure by which the cortical cells of the root force water into the xylem is called ___. (Turgor pressure/root pressure)
8) ____ is the state of a cell in which the cell wall is rigid and streched by the increase in volume of vacuoles by absorption of water.(Flaccidity/ turgidity)
9) The diffusion of particles of ___ across the semipermeable membrane is known as Osmosis. (solvent/solute)
C) Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the list:
( opposite ,Osmosis, selective permeable, energy, higher, semipermeable membrane, diffusion,shrink, water, ascent of sap, cohesion theory, turgor movements, Osmosis, semi permeable)
1) Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a ___membrane.
2) Osmosis and diffusion are the same except that in Osmosis there is a ____.
3) The upward movement of water along with mineral salts dissolved in it is called___.
4) The movement of liquid through a selectively permeable membrane is termed as____.
5) Absorption of water in plants takes place through the roots by the process of _____.
6) Active transport is in a direction____ to that of diffusion.
7) The plasma membrane is___.
8) The most acceptable theory of ascent of SAP is ____.
8) ____ is the medium of transport of a mineral in plants.
9) Active absorption requires___ for absorption.
10) The concentration of cytoplasm or Cell SAP is___ in a plasmolysed Cell than in the turgid cell.
11) When a cell placed in a more concentrated solution, the cell content will___.
12) The bonding movements of certain flowers towards the sun and the sleep movements of certain plants at nights are examples of____.
13) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy is termed _____.
D) Observe the relationship between the first two pairs and then fill in the suitable word at fourth place.
1) Hypotonic : Endosmosis : : Hypertonic : _____.
E) Given below is an example of a particular structure and its special functional activity. e.g., Glomerulus and Ultrafiltration.
On a similar pattern complete the following:::
Phloem and _______
F) NAME THE FOLLOWING
1) The upward movement of water and Minerals from Roots to leaves and other parts of a plant.
2) The fully expanded condition of cell with its cell wall in a state of tension due to accumulation of water.
3) Pressure through which water can rise up to some feet.
OR
What is responsible for guttation
4) The process in which water absorption needs metabolic energy.
5)
7) A solution whose concentration is lower than that of the cell sap.
8) A solution whose concentration is equal to that of the cell sap.
9) The tissue which conducts manufactured food from leaves to the other parts of a plant.
10) The term given to the osmosis in which water from living cells diffuses out.
OR
The process which makes the tissue flaccid.
11) The tissue responsible for the ascent of sap.
OR
Tissue concerned with upward movement of water in plants.
OR
A structure that transports water from the soil to other parts of the plant.
12) Flow of water from outside and environment into the cell.
14) The process by which raisins swell up when placed in a beaker of water.
OR
Marine fish when it thrown under tap water bursts because of:
15) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy.
OR
The process of mixing of two different substances/molecules.
16) The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of a cell.
OR
Process by which water enter root hair.
17) The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed cell is filled with.
OR
A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell is filled with.
OR
A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell sap.
18) Condition of cell placed in a hypotonic solution.
19) The pressure exerted by cell contents on a plant cell wall.
20) The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.
G) SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1) Name four psychological processes associated with water absorption.
2) Mention the various physical forces involved in the absorption of water and minerals.
3) What is and Endosmosis ?
4) What is Exosmosis?
5) How is root hair structurally adapted for absorption of water ?
6) what is meant by ascent of sap?
7) What do you mean by osmotic pressure ?
8) How does a living cell behave in hypotonic and isotonic solutions?
9) Name three factors which determine the absorption of water.
10) state whether active absorption is osmotic or non-osmotic ?
11) Under what osmotic conditions, water does not enter into a cell?
12) what will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a hypotonic salt solution for about 30 minutes?
13) what is flaccid condition of a cell ?
14) Name one chemical substance which is transported from roots to the shoot and one which is transported from the leaves to the lower parts of the plant.
15) Give an example of osmosis occuring in the human body and a green leaf.
16) State whether the following statements are true or false. rewrite the false statement by changing the first or the last word.
a) Cells that have lost their water content are said to be deplasmolysed.
b) xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants .
17) Given below is a set of five terms. without changing the first term, rearrange the remaining four, so as to be un logical sequence as per the direction given in bracket.
Soil water, xylem, cortex, endodermis, root hair (conduction of water)
18) Given below is an incomplete explanation of certain biological process/term where a key word has been left out. Rewrite the completed explanation by inserting the key word in the space indicated by ∆
*Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from its region of high concentration to its reagion of low concentration through a ∆ membrane.
19) The following paragraph is related to absorption of water from the soil. Copy and complete the following paragraph by selecting the correct word from those given in the box. You may use the term only once.
- (Exosmosis, hypertonic, osmosis, isotonic ,hypotonic, cortical, Endosmosis)
*Water enters the root hair from the soil by the process of___. This is because the solution in the soil is ____whereas the cell sap in the root hair cell is____ The water then passes through the___ cells by cell to cell___ and reaches the xylem of the root.
20) The leaves of a well watered potted plants were found wilted during a hot sunny day
a) suggest two reasons which could have caused the wilting of the leaves.
b) Would the cells of the leaves in the wilted state be flaccid or turgid?
c) explain briefly the meaning of the term inside in your answer to above
d) what advantages would the plant have derived from wilting ?
e) what explanation would you suggest if the wilted leaves did not recover even during the night?
21) Select the correct answer out of the four available choices given under each question :
a) The path of water and soluters from the soil to the conducting tissue of the root is :
I) soil -->root hair -->cortex -->Endosmosis --> pericycle--> protoxylem--> phloem
ii) soil -->root hair --> cortex --> pericycle--> endodermis--> protoxylem--> metaxylem.
iii) soil -->epidermal cell of the root--> cortex---> endodermis --> pericycle--> protoxylem --> metaxylem---secondary xylem.
iv) soil -->root hair--> cortex-- endodermis --> pericycle-->protoxylem -->metaxylem.
b) water will be absorbed by root hairs when :
I) concentration of salt in the soil is high
ii) concentration of solutes in the cell SAP is high.
iii) the plant is rapidly respiring.
iv) They are separated from the soil by a semipermeable membrane.
c) which of the following statement is wrong ?
I) plant absorbs only one thing at a time --water or inorganic salts
ii) water and inorganic salts are taken in simultaneously by root hairs
iii) plants take in small quantity of mineral salts through root hairs.
iv) Roots are one of the main absorbing organs of the plant.
d) Root cap has no role in absorption because it has:
I) no direct connection with vascular system
ii) loosely arranged cells
iii) no cells containing chloroplast
iv) no root hairs
e) xylem transport water in tall trees appears to be mainly due to:
I) metabolic activity in xylem cells
ii) root pressure
iii) capillary rise in xylem open pipes
iv) transpiration pull and Cohesion of water molecules.
f) water available to the plant is:
I) run off water
ii) gravitational water
iii) hygroscopic water
iv) capillary water.
g) root pressure is maximum when :
I) transpiration is high and absorption is very low.
ii) transpiration is very low and absorption is very high
iii) absorption is very high and transpiration is also very high.
iv) absorption is low and transportation is also very low.
h) In plants water supply is due to:
I) Osmosis
ii) imbibition
iii) Guttation
iv) cohesive force
H) REASON BEHIND::
1) Give biological reason, why marine fish burst when thrown under top water .
4) Can osmosis be regarded as diffusion ? Give reason.
5) if you Sprinkle some common salt on grass growing in a lawn, it is killed at that spot. Suggest a possible reason for it,
6) If you uproot a plant from the soil its leaves why?
7) why the grass in your lawn becomes greener if you add a little fertilizer to it , but it dies if you add a lot of it.
8) explain how the soaked seeds swell up and burst their seed coats.
9) Fresh water fish cannot survive in sea water .
10) A closed can of dried seeds burst open if some water enters it by accident .
11) why the raisins swell up in water
12) We gargle with saline water in case of throat infection.
13) the leaves wilted lettuce, if kept in the cold water, become crisp.
14) bacteria and fungi do not grow in pickles, jams, jellies and squashes, etc.
I) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN:
1) Osmosis/Diffusion
