WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
How do you define work stake the circumstances under which work done by body zero a body motion a direction of force applied right and for work done by it write the expression for work if force and displacement of the body are not along a one straight line name the unit to the work in NPS system fundamental units gravitational units define the following rule kilogram metre fill in the blanks one rule how do you define power Express power in terms of this place displacement velocity what are the units of power in in case system absolute units gravitational units make the quantities given below name the units magnesiode Newton rule kilogram metre what how do you define potential energy gravitational potential energy a body of mass is more height in vertically upward direction find the change in exponents name the types of mechanical energy how do you define kinetic energy optim an expression for kinetic energy of a body obtained relation between Kinetic energy and Momentum show that momentum of a body where are is directly square root of the kinetic energy of the body the list so different types of energy chemical heat and light Kinetic nuclear potential sound use only the words from the list to complete the following sentence what a child plays with the battery driven car energy is turn into energy as the car moves when I saying moves the energy at the highest point is changing to energy at the same call what a person sink the energy from the food stand into energy one a student light the bouncer burner chemical energy turn into and energy for the moving car is talked by the application updates energy is converted into energy a force of this places calculate the work done at on a body for some time and impact velocity of 6 calculate the momentum body acts on a body of the body rest initially height of 2 what is the potential energy of 5body mass 2 kg processing kinetic energy as that proceed by body of mass 8 kg moving with the velocity of 5 calculate the velocity of first body behaviour body and lighter body processes some kind energy which of the two has greater Momentum when a car accelerates of what happens to its kinetic energy in the gravitation potential energy kinetic energy tale of water of weight 5 kg and 3 vertical distance of 2 m of a flight of states what will be the work done take G 10 M per square second then why waiting 500 runs up to A from A to B as shown in figure but work is done against gravity and athletics whose weight is 800 runs of a flight A particle i50 M is 22nd calculate the power of athletes moving car is slow Down by application Box with 300 is full 5m Allen horizon to throwed by force of 10 it is the lifted vertically through a distance of 2 m what is the work done on the box a simple pendulum strings and shown in figure at which point potential and maximum at which point kinetic energy is maximum how does total mechanical energy changes during vibration heavier body in a lighter body process some momentum which of the two has greater kinetic energy two body energy a body Amma Sen is moving with the velocity V how will kinetic energy change in the mass of body hard in the velocity double a gardener use a plan to move soil in a wheelbarrow from a point a to point B calculate the work done in the soil from a to b the garden from here to be calculate the power developed calculate the average speed of the wheel of the plans give one example for each of the following change in energy due to change in position change is an individual due to compression change and energy due to elongation change and energy during twisting give one example when no work is done in spite of non zero force and displacement 30 kg on his head the most distance of 10 m on horizontal road in step on staircase height of each win 0.5 L A man lift the weight 40 kg 3 height of 1.5 m and 5 second calculate in What power of the man take g10 M per square secondmachine can be the load 3000 to be height of 20 m timer 15 second calculate the work done in lifting the road What power in what is required to lifted the road the machine was tested during different load the graph of efficiency versus load was bloated from the graph find the maximum efficiency of the machine the load in Newton for which the efficiency 50% that essential the load is 3000 are engine poochh sakte hain na to level tribe the velocity of 70 to buy applying a force 15 10 find the horsepower of the engine 750 following list contain certain types of energy changes electrical energy light energy chemical energy heat energy light energy chemical energy electrical energy kinetic energy from the list select the energy changes that occur in each of the following a motor is switched on table lamp is used photosynthesis to an electric fan complete the table usebelow the to show the main type of energy in device energy before use energy and used loudspeaker gravitation potential energy kinetic energy microphone electrical energy kinetic energy shared drive a model car of weight 2 runs down the track us on speaker how much work was done in the car from point B two point a what type of energy does the car have when it is at the points what is the mass of the car 8 kg of water State Law conservation of energy give an example explaining the concept of law conservation of mechanical energy a bodies dropped from a height at any stand it is a distance x from the top prove that the local mechanical energy of the bodies independent Apex what is the net mechanical energy at that instant a ball rolling on the ground comes to rest after sometimes what happens to its kinetic energy fill in the blanks colony in the following table case type of energy type of energy rotating fans room heater bulb microphonename the device based upon conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy name the device based upon the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy name the device which converts light it into electricity give an example where chemical energy is converted into heat what type of energy is first all given to the simple pendulum after sometime A vibrating simple pendulum stocks what happens to the energy given to it what is the type of energy contain in the simple pendulum what is Insaaf a Gaya position at extreme position at which point does a vibrate simple pendulum poses maximum energy at moving position at extreme position same energy everywhere fill in the blanks have salute in it up the work in NK system gravitational unit of work in MP system is 1 kilogram metre is equals to Z power is the ratio between and potential energy of a body in CGS system is expressed in battery Converse energy into electrical energy then energy of a wind in a windmill is converted to energy to energysolar cell converts energy to energy a line converts electrical energy into energy a thermocouple Converse energy into energy kinetic energy of body varies directly as of its velocity kinetic energy of body varies as the mass of the body if its Momentum is kept constant in a free fall of the conservation of energy holds it could there is no exceptional to the validity of conservation of fan conversation whether the following are true or false work done is always positive work done can be zero in spite of the fact that neither force not displacement is zero absolute of the work is kilogram one litre and fuel are same things a body lying on the surface of the earth may have potential energy kinetic energy of the body is directly proposed to the velocity of the body a Dynamo convert electrical energy to mechanical energy a microphone Converse vibration energy to electrical energy
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A PLANE SURFACE AND PRISM
1a) What is refraction ?
b) is it necessary that the ray of light must changes its path during refraction?
2) Draw a diagram showing a ray of light going from air to water and mark the following.
a) incident ray.
b) refracted ray .
c) Angle of incidence.
d) Angle of refraction.
e) Normal to refracting surface.
3) A ray of light is incident normally on the surface of a glass slab. Compute the diagram and determine the values of following:
a) Angle of incidence.
b) angle of refraction.
4) Figure shows a ray of light going from medium (1) to (2).
Mark the angles of incidence and that of refraction. Which of the two medii is optically denser.
5) State the laws of refraction.
6) Which of the following diagrams represent the correct refraction through a glass slab ?
7a) How do you define refractive index of a medium ?
b) How do you define absolute refractive index of a medium ?
8) How would you express refractive index of medium,
a) in terms of i and r ?
b) in terms of velocity of light ?
c) in terms of absolute refractive indices ?
9) figure shows
the bottom surface of a glass block silvered to act as a mirror. Which one of the following diagrams best represents the path of a light ray that enters the block through the top surface ?
10) An observer O, looking in to a pond, sees a small fish which appears to be at X as shown in figure. Which one of the positions A, B, C or D is nearest to the real position of the fish?
11) A ray of light suffers refraction through a glass slab ? (figure shows) Which of the arrow represents the correct refracted ray?
12) Name a medium, if any, which has refractive index,
a) greater than 1
b) equal to one.
c) less than 1.
13) a) Absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3. Find
i) refractive index of glass with respect to water.
ii) refractive index of water with respect to glass.
b)i) Write the formula to show the relationship between 'real depth' and 'apparent depth'.
ii) A well appears to be 4 m deep. If the refractive index of the water is 4/3, what is the actual depth ?
14) a) Refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. Calculate the velocity of light in glass and water. Velocity of light in vacuum is 3x10⁸ m/s.
b) A ray of light goes from air to medium X as shown in the figure. Calculate the refractive index of medium X.
15) a) State principle of reversibility.
b) Prove that refractive index of water w.r.t. air(ᵃμₘ) and that of air w.r.t water (ᵐμₐ) are related to each other by the relation ᵃμₘ x ᵐμₐ = 1.
16) Draw a ray diagram showing refraction through a glass slab.
17a) i) What is meant by, "the refractive index of the class in 1.5".
ii) Write the formula used to find the refractive index of glass.
b) A ray of light passes from air into a liquid. The angle of incidence is 25° while the angle of refraction is 15°. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid.
18) A ray of light passes through a rectangular glass block as shown in figure.
a) i) Draw the normal to surface at the point of the incidence.
ii) Find the angle of incidence.
iii) Find the angle of refraction.
iv) hence , calculate the refractive index of the block.
b) Complete the diagram to show the emergent ray from the block .
19) What is the relation between real depth and apparent depth of water pond ?
20) Actual depth of a water pond is 1.5 m. Water does it appear to a man as seen from outside ? Refractive index of water is 4/3.
21) A ray AB suffers refraction through a glass slab. Which of the rays represents the refracted ray ?
22) While studying refraction through glass a number of observations were taken for angles of incidence i and angles of refraction r. Figure shows a graph related with this experiment. Which quantities are taken along the two axes ?
23) A pencil is dipped in to water. How does it appear from outside ? Draw the ray diagram.
24) a fish(full line) situated at the bottom of the river appears to be (dotted line) as shown in the figure.
i) Give reason for the same.
ii) Draw the ray diagram showing this phenomen.
iii) What are the following in terms of A, B and C?
a) Real depth
b) apparent depth
iv) How are real depth and apparent depth related with each other ?
25) Draw the diagram of a prism and mark the following:
a) refractive face.
b) Refracting angle.
c) Refracting edge.
26) Draw the course of a mono-chromatic ray undergoing refraction through a prism and mark the following.
a) Angle of incidence.
b) Angle of refraction.
c) Angle of deviation.
d) Angle of prism.
27) What is the relation by which angle of incidence and angle of emergence , in case of a prism , are related to each other ?
28) Draw a graph between i and d for a prism and mark the angle of minimum deviation dₘ.
29) Write the relation for refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of angle of prism ?
30) A ray of light is incidence on one of the refracting faces of a prism (figure). Complete the diagram showing various angle for refraction through the prism.
31) If the ray of light passing through a prism suffers minimum deviation, answer the following.
a) What is the relation between i and e ?
b) What is the value of i in terms of angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation?
c) What is the value of angle of refraction in terms of angle of prism?
d) What is the angle which refracted ray inside the prism makes with the base of prism?
32) Which of two colours violet or red gets more deviated through the prism?
33) A ray of light is incident on one of the shorter faces of a right angled isosceles prism . Complete the diagram till the ray emerges out of the prism.
b) What is angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray ?
34) Draw the course of rays through a prismatic binoncuclar indicating clearly the types of inversions involved .
35) Explain the following:
a) Refractive index of every material is always less then one.
b) A ray incidence normally on the surface of water goes undeviated . Discuss mathematically.
c) Twinkling of stars.
d) Sun becomes visible a little time before it actually comes above horizon.
e) Sun remains visible a little time after actual sunset.
36) a) What is total internal reflection?
b) How do you define critical angle?
c) How is critical angle of a medium related with its refractive index ?
d) A ray of light, while going from denser to rater medium, is incident on the interface at critical angle. What is angle of refraction in the rarer medium ?
37) Describe fire fountain experiment with the help of a diagram.
38) a coin C placed at the bottom of a glass containing water , appears to re suspended in air at C'. Explain and draw the ray diagram.
39) The portion AB of the tube appears to be glittering when observed from outside. Explain and draw the ray diagram.
40) A ray of light AB travelling from glass to air, is incident at an angle of 60°. Trace the path of rays till it emerges out of glass. Critical angle for glass to air is 42°.
41) Explain the concept of inferior mirage with the help of a ray diagram.
42) Explain the concept of superior mirage with the help of a ray diagram.
43) Fill in the blanks:
a) Refractive index of water is ________.
b) A ray of light goes from rarer to denser medium. The angle of refraction is ____ than the angle of incidence.
c) The bottom of a water pond appears to be _____ when observed from outside.
d) Refractive index of a medium is the ratio between____ depth to the___:depth.
e) Total internal reflection is observed only if the light goes from____ to___ medium,
f) Greater the refractive index of medium____ is the value of the critical angle.
44) State whether the following statements are true or false:
a) As a result or refraction a ray of light must change its path.
b) In case a ray of light goes from water to air, angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence.
c) In case a ray of light goes from air to glass, angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence.
d) Refractive index of air with respect to glass is less than one.
e) For a ray, incidence from denser medium at critical angle on the interface, angle of refraction in the rerer medium is zero .
f) Phenomenon of total internal reflection takes place if the light goes from rarer to denser medium.
REFRACTION' THROUGH A LENS
1) a) What is a lens ?
b) What is a converging lens ?
c) What is a diverging lens ?
2) Name the lenses shown in the figure
3) a) How do you define centre of curvature of a lens ?
b) What is meant by optical centre of lens ?
4) A ray of light passes the centre of a thin lens are shown in figure. Which of the ray represents refracted ray?
5) Where should an object be placed in figure so that a magnified, virtual image is produced by a lens of focal length f.
6) Explain, with the ray diagrams, the meaning of principal focus for a convex and concave lens.
7) How do you define focal length ?
a) For convex lens.
b) For concave lens.
8) in figure, Shows four reflected rays. Three of these have their origin at A while fourth originate from B. Locate the ray originating from B.
9) figure (a), (b) show refraction of a parallel beam of light through two lenses.
Draw the lens and the name them.
10) Light rays leaving an object O are deviated( in figure a) by a piece glass placed in between X and Y. Which one of pieces of glass shown (in figure b) could be in between X and Y.
11) How can you explain the prismatic action of lens ?
12) Complete the ray diagram to obtain the image of the object AB.
13) a) What is meant by an image ?
b) What are characteristic of a real image.
c) What are the characteristic of virtual image.
14) Under what circumstances can a convex lens produce a virtual image ? Explain with the help of a diagram.
15) Complete the following diagrams
16) Locate the position of image and mark the name of that point in figure .
17) An object is placed at O as shown in figure. Which of the position A, B, C or D represents the position of arrow head of the image ?
18) figure shows a parallel beam of light falling on a lens placed at B.
i) What type of lens produces the effect shown ?
ii) What is the point A known as ?
iii) What is distance AB called ?
iv) Is the image real or virtual ?
v) Draw the diagram of the lens to complete the figure.
19) How do you define magnification of lens ?
20) Under what conditions the image of an object obtained through a convex lens is real , inverted and of same size ? Draw the ray diagram.
21) Fill in the blanks, assuming the refraction to be taking place through a convex lens.
S,N position position magnification nature
of object of image of image
a) ______ ____ ___ virtual & erect
b) At F _____ ____ _____
c). ____ At 2 F ____ real & inverted
d) ____ between F & 2F ___ real & inverted
g) At infinity ____ ____ _____
22) After observing the figure, answer the following:
a) Name the lens L.
b) Name the point A.
c) Name the plane PQ.
23) In the experimental set-up shown in figure, the image of needle O is obtained at the same place.
a) What is the focal length of the lens ?
b) Complete the ray diagram.
24) Image of the object AB is obtained at A'B' in figure
a) Where should the lens be placed?
b) What type of lens should be used ?
c) Complete the ray diagram.
25) figure show full size an object(O) placed 5 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 3 cm.
a) Draw two rays from the top of the object(O) through the lens which would enable you to find the position of the image. Mark this point as 'M'.
b) Is the image formed
i) real/virtual ?
ii) upright/ inverted ?
26) An object is placed at distance of 10 cm from a double convex lens of focal length 10cm(in figure )
i) Draw the course of rays after refraction through the lens.
ii) Where will the image be formed ?
ii) Will the image be real or virtual ?
27) Image of the object AB is obtained at A'B' in figure
a) Where should be the lens be placed ?
b) What type of lens should be used ?
c) Complete the ray diagram.
28)a) A lens produces an inverted and diminished image of an object. What type of lens is it ?
b) A lens produces an inverted image of an object and size of the image is same as that of the object.
i) What type of lens is it ?
ii) What is the distance of the object from the lens ?
c) A magnified and erect image of an object is obtained with a lens.
i) What type of lens is it ?
ii) What can be the position of object ?
d) A diminished and upright image of an object is obtained with the help of a lens.
What is the nature of the lens ?
29) An object is placed at a distance of focal length from a concave lens. Complete the ray diagram.
30) Two lens L₁ and L₂ of focal lengths f₁ and f₂, respectively, are placed at O₁ and O₂.
a) What is O₁O₂ equal to ?
b) Complete the ray diagram.
31) How do you define power of lens ?
32) What are the units in which power of a lens is measured ?
33) What is power of a lens of focal length 25 cm.
34) What is focal length of lens of power 2.5 D.
35) A object 10 cm tall is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20cm. Calculate the graphically, the position, nature and size of the image.
36) An object 10 cm is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a concave lens of focal length 20 cm. Calculate, graphically, the position, nature and size of the image.
37) Draw the diagram of a prism r mark the following:
a) refracting face.
b) refractive angle.
c) refractive adge .
38) Draw the course of a mono-chromatic ray undergoing refraction through a prism and mark the following:
a) angle of incidence.
b) angle of refraction.
c) angle of deviation.
d) angle of prism .
39) What is the relation by which angle of incidence and angle of emergence, in case of a prism, are related to each other?
40) Draw a graph between i and d for a prism and mark the angle of minimum deviation dₘ.
41) Write the relation for refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of angle of prism?
42) Draw the course of rays when a ray of white light passes through a prism and mark different angles.
43) Complete the ray diagram as shown in figure and determine the angle of deviation.
44) How does the prism help in producing lateral and vertical inversion ? Explain with the help of a diagram.
45) Draw the ray diagram of a prismatic binoculars and explain its working.
46) Fill in the blanks:
a) A double convex lens acts as a____ lens.
b) In case of a concavo-convex lens, the radius of curvature of the concar surface is ____than that of convex surface.
c) In case a ray passes through the optical centre of a lens, the incident ray and the refracted rays are ____ to each other.
d) Principal focus is a point situated at a distance of ___ from the centre of the lens .
e) For an object situated on the principal Axis of a concave lens , the image is always ____.
f) For an object situated at distance equal to twice the focal length of the lens, the image obtained is of _____size.
g) Power of lens is defined as a reciprocal of focal length expressed in____
47) State whether the following statements are true or false:
a) A plano-convex lens is a converging lens.
b) A concavo-convex lens is a diverging lens.
c) A convexo-concave lens is a diverging lens.
d) Focus is a point situated on the principal axis.
e) A virtual image can be photographed .
f) A real image can be taken on a screen.
g) A virtual image cannot be seen.
h) Image of an object, situated on principal axis of a convex lens is always real.
i) Image of an object is situated on the principal axis of a concave lens is always virtual.
j) If the object is situated at a distance equal to twice the focal length of a convex lens, the image is obtained at same distance on the other side of the lens.
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