Saturday, 18 May 2024

POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION


A) Definition:

1) Abiotic agents
 
2) Anemophily

3) Antipodal cells

4) Artificial pollination

5) Biotic agents

6) Cheiropteriphily

7) Cleistogamy

8) Dichogamy

9) Egg (or female gamete)

10) Embryo

11) Embryo sac

12) Endosperm 

13) Entomophily

14) Exine

15) Fertilization

16) Funicle

17) Germ pore 

18) Heterostyly 

19) Herkogamy

20) Homogamy

21) Hydrophily

22) Integument 

23) Intune

24) Malacophily

25) Micropyle

26) Nectar

27) Nectar

28) Nectar guide

29) Ovule

30) Polar nuclei

31) Pollination

32) Protoandry

33) Protogyny

34) Seed

35) Synergids

36) Zygote (or oospore)

37) Double fertilization

B) 1) Define pollination. How does it differ from fertilization?

2) Give two advantages and disadvantages of self pollination.

3) Give two advantages and disadvantages of cross pollination.

4) State 4 difference between insect and wind pollinated flowers.

5) Give two examples each of wind and insect pollinated flowers.

6) Normally sepals fall after fertilization. Name two fruits in which the sepals persist.

7) Mention whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Fertilization is fusion of anther and stigma.    
 
b) Cross pollination always occurs in unisexual flower.    

c) The generative nucleus in the pollen grains develops into two male gametes.    

d)  In maize the pollination is brought about by insects.    

e) Anemophilous flowers are large and bright.     

f) Vallisaneria flowers are pollinating by wind.     

8) Name the floral parts which develop into following structures :
a) seed.
b) pericarp.     
c) seed coat.
d) fruit.         

9) What is the function of pollen tube? Trace its path from stigma to the female gametes by means of diagram.

10) Explain the following terms:
a) Anemophilous flower 

b) Double fertilization 

c) Glametes 
 
d) Oospore 

e) Nectar guides 

11) Difference between the following:
a) Pretendory and Protogyny 

b) Self pollination & cross pollination.

c) Fruit & Seed.
    
d) Tube nucleus and the Generative nucleus

e) Ovule & Seed.

12) Draw a  labelled diagram of ovule as seen in a section.

13) The diagram alongside shows a section through a flower at two stages of development.
Observe the diagram and answer the following questions:
a) Write down two features in the diagram to show that the flower is insect pollinated.
b) What information shown in the diagrams would suggest that cross pollination takes place in the flower?


14) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word given in the brackets.

a) Cross pollination takes place in all ____plants.(monoecious /dioecious)

b) Bougainville flowers are pollinated by____. (wind/insects /water)

c) double fertilization is common in ___. (Gynosperms/ angiosperms)

d) Salvia is a _____ flower. (Entomophilous/ornithophilous/hydrophilous)

e) After fertilization, the _____ becomes the fruit and the ___ becomes the seed. (Ovule/ovary/integument)



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