EXCRETION

A) DEFINE:

1) Active absorption

2) Afferent Arteriole

3) Dialysis

4) Diuresis

5) Efferent Arteriole

6) Excretion

7) Glomerulus

8) Henle's Loop 

9) Malpighian body 

10) Micturition 

11) Nephron 

12) Osmoregulation 

13) Passive Absorption 

14) Ultrafiltration 

15) Uriniferous Tubele 

B. Name the following:

1) The term used for Bowman's capsule and glomerulus together

2) The functional unit of kidney.

3) The principal nitrogenous waste in a mammals.

4) A hereditary condition in which uric acid deposits as crystals in joints

5) The term used for coffee and beverages with increase urine formatio.

6) Name a component of the blood that does not enter the nephron.

C:  Fill in the blanks:

1)  Blood leaves Bowman's  capsule by____ (afferent arteriole /efferent arteriol/ vasa- recta)

2) Urine is yellow in colour due to the presence of the pigment known as______(urochrome/ bile / hemoglobin)

3) _____limb of loop of Henle's is   least permeable to water.(ascending/descending/horizontal)

4) Urine is carried from the kidney through____ to the urinary bladder (urater/urethra/renal vein)

5) The exact site of filtration of filtration of  blood is____ body in the Kidney. (Bowman's/Henle's/ malpighian)

6) ____ is not reabsorbed reabsorbed from the filtrate to the blood at the proximal tubule (glucose/Na/ plasma proteins/ water)

7) _____is removed from the filtrate at the loop of Henle (glucose/water/ammonia/Mg)

8) Fluid within the loop of Henle is most concentrated in the__ (ascending limb/ descending limb/ hair pin bend) between the the ascending limb and the distal tubule.

D.  State whether the following statements are true or false. if false, rewrite the sentence by changing the words:

1) The network of capillaries in the malpighian body is called Bowman's capsule.

2)  Collecting ducts open into ureter.

3) Urine is acidic in nature.

4) Osmoregulation is a phenomenon associated with the regulation of osmotic pressure in the body.

5) urine has higher osmotic pressure than blood plasma.

6) Water is removed from the loop of Henle to the interstitial fluid around it by active transport of Na and Cl out of the filtrate at the descending limb of the loop and diffusion of water out of the urine at the collecting duct. These changes draw water out of the filtrate, by osmosis from the ascending limb of the loop of  Henle.

7) Adjustment in sodium concentration occur at the collecting tubules of the nephron. Reabsorption of sodium ions is controlled by antidiuretic hormone, which is produced by the adrenal medulla.

E) Questions:

1) although main nitrogenous waste human urine is urea then why does it smell of ammonia when allowed to stand for sometime.

2) Enlist three three conditions in which profuse sweating takes place.

3) "Sweating is necessary evil". Explain giving two reasons.

4) what is diuretic ? give one example.

5) why are ureters situated in the urinary bladder ?

6)  What is the role of kidney in maintaining homeostasis.    OR

How does a kidney function as an osmoregulator?

7)Differentiation between :

A) uretor and urethra

B) Afferent Arteriole and efferent arteriole.

C) Renal cortex and Renal medulla.

8) Explain briefly:

1) The efferent arteriole branches to form network of secondary capillaries.

2)Urination is more frequent during the day then at night

3) Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.

4) Energy requirement of the kidney is very high.

9) What are the main metabolic waste excreted out in mammals

10) Why must all living things excrete ?

11) write short note on:

A) physical and chemical composition of urine.

B) significance of urine test

C) Dialysis

D) Urine formation

12) where are the following parts of nephron located in the kidney?

A) Renal corpuscle

B) Loop of Henle

C) Distal convoluted tube 

D) Collecting duct .

13) How does ADH alter urine concentration ?