CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Revision)

1) Fill in the blanks to represent relationship which is concerned:

A) White blood cell _______

B) right ventricle: pulmonary artery:: left ventricle: _____

C) platelets _______

D) Lubb: Atrioventricular Valves :: Dup: ____

2) Fill in the blanks:

A) The blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood to the heart is ____(aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery)

B) The liquid portion of the blood is ____

C) ____ is a pigment in mammalian body which is responsible for the transport of oxygen.

D) Nucleated blood cells are called ____.

E) A protein called an ____ destroys harmful injective micro- organisms.

F) A protein called ____ is ingredient in the clotting reaction of the blood.

G) The blood vessel leaving the left ventricle of the mammalian heart is the _____

H) The valve present between the left atrium and the left ventricle is _____.

I) The average life of RBC is_____

J) ____brings deoxygenated blood from the head to the heart.

3) Write the odd one out and give a reason for your answer.

A) spleen, thymus, pancreas, tonsil

B) heart beat, systole, diastole, vena cava.

C) systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, stethoscope, Sphygmomanometer

D) RBC, ATP, WBC, platelets

E) Oxyhaemoglobin, carbaminohaemoglobin, hypoxia, carboxy haemoglobin.

4) DIFFERENTIATE:

A) blood plasma/serum

B) Inferior vena cava/dorsal aorta

C) Pleura/pericardiam (position)

D) RBC/WBC

E) Artery/vein (in regard to their microscopic structure).

F) pulmonary artery/pulmonary vein (direction of blood flow)

G) anaemia and leukemia(nature of disorder)

H) pulmonary artery/pulmonary vein.

I) veins/lymphatic vessels.

J) plasma/serum

K) Vein/vain

L) blood/lymph (cellular context)

5) Reason behind:

A) What happens if the coronary artery gets an internal clot?

B) Abnormally large number of WBCs in the blood is usually an indication of some infection in our body.

C) Veins have valves at an interval in their inner lining whereas the arteries do not have valves.

D) Why are capillaries thin walled.

E) Blood doesn't clot inside blood vessels.

6) Name the following:

A) An artery which carries deoxygenated blood.

B) Upper chamber of heart.

C) Main blood vessels from heart 

D) The element required for clotting of blood in man.

E) The constituent of blood destroyed in the liver.

F) The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricle ejaculates blood to the aorta and pulmonary artery.

G) The site of production of red blood cells in the adult humans.

H) a blood vessel that supplies oxygen to heart.

I) a blood vessel that transport oxygen to the lungs 

J) The straw coloured fluid that remains when the formed elements and fibrinogen have been removed from the blood.

K) Name the arteries which supply pure blood to:

   I) head

  II) stomach

  III) live

  IV) kidney

  V) heart

L) The site of production of red blood cells in the adult humans.

M) The structures that control the heart beat.

N) two main constituents of haemoglobin.

7) Function:

A) white blood cells

B) heart

C) Red blood corpuscles (origin and function)

D) platelets

E) Thromboplastin

F) Biscuspid valve

8) Questions:

A) A mammal is said to have " double circulation". What does this mean.

B) Name the chambers of the heart which contain deoxygenated blood.

C) State the changes in the composition of the blood as it passes through the regions intestine and kidney.

D) Where are pocket like valves found in the human body? What is their function?

E) Name any three specialised cells found in the human body. Write their function 

F) What are the main steps in the coagulation of blood?

G) Define Phagocytosis (name a cell in the human body which carries out this process .

H) how does blood coagulation takes place

I) what is clotting time

J) what is pulse.

K) What is a pace-maker ?

L) What is anaemia

M) State three functions of human blood.

9) State where the following (secretion or fluids) are produced in the human body:

A) Red blood cells

10) TRUE/FALSE:

A) Leucocyte show amoeboid movement.

B) The heart beat of normal human adult beats more than one lakh times 

C) pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

D) average life of red blood cell in our body is about 120 hours.

ELECTROLYSIS (X) Revision

Part (1)

1) Define:

A) Voltmeter

B) electrodes

C) cathode

D) anode

E) electrolyte

F) non-electrolyte

G) electrolysis

2) Name three different classes of compounds which are electrolysis.

3) classify the following solutions into electrolytes (strong/weak) and non-electrolytes:

A) sugar solution

B) water (distilled)

C) common salt solution (aqueous)

D) Aqueous sodium hydroxide

E) acetic acid

F) copper sulphate solution

G) hydrochloric acid

H) lead bromide

4) Write the formula or symbols with different charges of the ions present in the following:

A) sodium hydroxide solution

B) ammonium sulphate solution

C) Iron(III) chloride solution

D) silver nitrate solution

5) Explain the following:

A) metals conduct electricity bill they are not called electrolysis.

B) Hydrogen chloride is not a conductor of electricity but its solution in water (acid hydrochloric) is a good conductor

C) Metallic ions are always at the cathode.

D) solid lead bromide is not a conductor of electricity but in the fused or molten state it is a good conductor.

E) Aluminium conducts electricity both in the solid and the liquid states.

F) Would you class graphite as a conductor or an electrolyte.

6) Explain the difference between a strong and a weak electrolyte. Give two examples of each kind in support of your answer.

7) State two difference between each of the following:

A) sodium -atoms and sodium ions.

B) chloride ions and chlorine atoms.

8)a) What is meant by the preferential discharge of ions.

B) State three factors which govern this preference.

9) Arrange the following+ve and- ve in the order they will be discharged first in preference to others:

At the cathode. At the anode

   H⁺                              SO²⁻₄

  Mg ²⁺                         Cl⁻

   Ca²⁺                          OH⁻

    K⁺                              I⁻

   Cu²⁺                         NO⁻₃

   Na⁺

10) Name the products formed in anode and cathode of the following:

A) Acidulated water or (Dil. Sulphuric acid): 

Cathode : platinum

Anode: platinum

B) copper (II) sulphate solution.

Cathode : copper 

Anode: copper

C) copper (II) sulphate solution.

Cathode : platinum 

Anode: platinum

D) lead bromide (molten)

Cathode : carbon 

Anode: carbon

E) copper (II) chloride solution.

Cathode : copper 

Anode: carbon

11) Explain the reactions which take place at the cathode and the anode during electrolysis in each of the following cases and write ionic equation to explain the reaction:

A) copper-sulphate solution using both platinum electrodes:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation ---

B) copper (II) chloride using copper cathode and carbon anode:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation----

C) Lead bromide using carbon electrodes:

Reaction at the cathode--

Ionic equation --

Reaction at the cathode ---

Ionic equation---

12) What would you observe if the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution using platinum electrodes is continued for a long time?

13) State three difference between metallic and electrolytic conductors.

14) State three important application of electrolysis.

15) What precautions would you take in electroplating an article so that the deposit may be firm and lasting.

16) Fill in the blanks:

A) Molten lead(II) bromide conducts electricity. It is called an ____. It is composed of lead_____ and bromine ____. The lead____are___ charged and are called ____. The bromine ____are____ charged and are called _____. During electrolysis the lead ___are attracted to the _____ charged electrode which is called ___ and the bromine ____are attracted towards the ____charged electrode which is called ____.

B) Aqueous solution of HCl and NaCl which conduct relatively large quantity of current are called ____electrolytes while electrolytes like acetic acid or carbonic acid which conduct comparatively very small amount of current are called ____ electrolytes as they ___ in solution.

17) Complete the following equations which show what happens at the electrodes during electrolysis.

A) 2H+ 2e⁻ = ____

B) 4OH⁻ = 2H₂O+ O₂+ ____

C) ___+ 2e⁻ = Pb.

D) Al³ + ____= Al.

E) ____= Br₂ + e⁻

F) _____+ e⁻ = Ag 

G) ____= Cl₂ + 2e⁻ 

H) 2O²⁻ = O₂ + ______.

18) Explain the following terms in terms of loss or gain of electrons by atoms of an element:

A) oxidation

B) reduction

C) An oxidising agent

D) A reducing agent.

19) Complete the following equations and state If the particular reaction is oxidation or reduction:

A) Mg²⁺ --> Mg

B) Mg --> Mg ²⁺

C) Cl --> Cl⁻

D) S²⁻ --> S

E) Fe²⁺ --> Fe³⁺

F) Fe³⁺ --> Fe²⁺

G) 1/2 O₂ --> O²⁻ 

20) State which ions in the following reactions get oxidised and which get reduced.

Express in terms of loss or gain or electrons.

A) Ferrous chloride in solution is converted into ferric chloride.

2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ = 2FeCl₃.

B) Reaction between hydrogen sulphide and chlorine.

H₂S + Cl₂ = 2HCl + S

C) Carbon monoxide is passed over heated copper oxide.

CO + CuO = Cu + CO₂.

                                

LENSES

A) Complete the following sentences using the words given in the box: (one, optical Centre, concave, convex, erect, inverted, principle focus, beyond, real, deminished, highly diminished, same, plano-convex, virtual, infinity)

1) A lens with one plane surface and other convex is called___ lens 

2) The image formed by a concave lens is____, ____ and______.

3) A ray of light coming parallel to the principal Axis, passes through the ___after refraction in a convex lens.

4) when an object is between D and 2F in a convex lens, the image will form___2F on the other side of the lens.

5) A reading lens is a ____lens.

6) When the medium on both sides of a lens is the ___ both the focal lengths of the lens are equal.

7) The image formed by convex lens is____, ____ and___ when an object is beyond 2F.

8) A____ lens diverges the parallel rays of light coming from a point.

9) The magnification of the image of an object lying at 2F is_____.

10) The image of an object positioned at the focus is formed at _____.

11) A point in a lens at which a ray of lights suffers no refraction is called ______.

B) State whether TRUE or FALSE, Also correct the false statements:

1) A concave lens if kept at a proper distance from an object can form its real image.

2) if the rays of light from a point object actually meet at a point after refraction, the image is virtual.

3) A Ray of light incident parallel to the principal axis of a lens passes undeviated after refraction.

4) A ray of light incident at optical centre of a lens emerges parallel to the principal axis after refraction.

5) A convex lens produces a virtual, inverted and magnified image of an object lies at infinity.

C) DEFINE:

1) Lens

2) Principal axis

3) optical centre

4) First principal focus for a convex lens.

5) First principal focus for a concave lens.

6) Second principal focus for a concave lens.

7) Second principal focus for a convex lens.

8) focal length

9) first focal length

10) second focal length 

11) magnification

12) dioptre 

D) Short Questions:

1) What are the different kinds of lenses

2) Give any two characteristics of the image produced by concave lens.

3) Is it possible to converge the rays by a concave lens ?

4) which of the two is diverging lens: convex or concave ?

5) State whether a concave lens has a Virtual Focus or real focus.

6) give any two characteristics of the image produced by a convex lens.

7) A lens forms an upright and diminished image of an object irrespective of its position. What kind of lens is this ?

8) A lens forms an inverted image of an object. What kind of lens is this ?

9) Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same size as object is obtained using a convex lens ?

10) For what position of an object a real and diminished image is formed by a convex lens ?

11) A convex lens forms the image of an object equal to the size of the object. Where is the object placed in front of the lens ?

12) Name a lens which always forms an erect and virtual image.

13) What will be the nature of the image, real or virtual, if a lens forms an inverted image of an object ?

14) which lens is used for projecting the images on the screen

15) Where should an object to be placed in order to use a convex lens as a magnifying glass ?

16) How is the power of lens related to what kind of lens related to its focal length?

17) What kind of lens can form an:

a) erect diminished image.

b) inverted diminished image.

c) inverted magnified image ?

d) erect magnified image.

18) if the image formed by a lens is always diminished and erect, what is the nature of the lens ?

19) Which type of lens has a:

a) negative power 

b) positive power

20) which of the two has a greater power: a lens of short focal length or a lens of large focal length?

21) State the nature of a lens having a power of - 10D.

22) What type of a lens can be used as a magnifying glass ?

23) State three characteristics of the image of an extended source, formed by a concave lens?

24) which physical quantity does the unit dioptre represent.

25) State two applications each of

a) a convex lens 

b) a concave lens

26) what do you understand by the term 'power of lens' ? Express the formula for power of lens when focal length is in

a) metres

b) centimetres

E) Diagrammatic questions

1) What are the three convenient rays which are drawn to construct the ray diagram of a lens ?

2) Discuss the formation and characteristics of the image formed by a convex lens when the object is:

a) between the optical centre and the focus

b) at the focus

c) between F and 2F

d) at 2F

e) beyond 2F

f) at infinity

F)  Multiple Choice Questions:

1) The point through which a ray of light passes without suffer deviation is called.

i) pole ii) focus iii) centre of curvature iv) optical Centre

2) A convex lens is:

i) thick at the centre and thin at the periphery.

ii) thin at the centre and thick at the periphery.

iii) thick at the centre with one surface as plane.

iv) thin at the centre with one plane surface.

3) Parallel light rays entering a convex lens always converge at:

i) the focal plane

ii)  the principle focus

iii) a point on the principle axis.

iv) the centre of the curvature.

4) A Ray of light directed towards the optical Centre:

i) passes through the focus.

ii) becomes parallel to the principal Axis after refraction.

iii) passes undeviated

iv) is reflected back.

5) a concave lens forms the image of an object which is:

i) virtual, inverted and diminished

ii) virtual, upright and diminished

iii) virtual, inverted and enlarge

iv) virtual, upright and enlarged.

6) the magnification for a concave lens is always:

i) less than one

ii) equal to one

iii) more than one

iv) nothing can be said

7) a magnified and erect image is obtained when an object is placed in front of a convex lens. The distance of the object from the lens will be :

i) greater than three focal lengths.

ii) equal to two focal lengths.

iii) between one and two focal lengths.

iv) less than one focal length.

8) An object is placed at 5cm distance from a convex lens of focal length 10cm. the image formed will be:

i) real and inverted

ii) real and enlarged

iii) virtual and diminished

iv) virtual and enlarged

9) an object is placed 50cm from a convex lens of a focal length 30cm. The image formed will be:

i) inverted and of the same size as the object.

ii) inverted and diminished

iii) inverted and magnified

iv) erect and diminished

10) A lens used as a magnifying glass:

i) is a concave lens

ii) produce a virtual image

iii) is placed with the object nearer the lens than the principal focus.

    A (a) alone

    B (c) alone

    C (a) and (b) only

    D (b) and (c) only

    E (a), (b) and (c)

11) A body is placed at a distance 2f from a convex lens of focal length f. The image is formed:

i) at Infinity ii) at 2f distance iii) between f and 2f distance iv)  less than f distance

12) An object is placed at a distance of more than 40cm from a convex lens a focal length 20cm. The image is formed:

i) at a distance less than 20cm

ii) at 20cn distance

iii) between 20cm and 40cm distance

iv) more than 40cm distance